Si Clauses

Question 1

What are the three different types of if-clauses?

Answer 1

1. possible conditions (may be fulfilled later)
2. impossible present “ifs” - ex: if i was a horse
3. impossible past “ifs” - ex: if __ had happened, I….

Question 2

How do possible si clauses work?

Answer 2

Si+ present indicative

If + (verb present tense normal)…

“result clause” can be in the present, future, or command tense

Question 3

How do impossible si clauses work?

Answer 3

Si + past (imperfect) subjunctive

result clause = conditional

Question 4

How do you form the past imperfect subjunctive?

Answer 4

1. form the preterite third-person plural
2. drop the -ron

for -ar verbs
- add ara, aras, ara, áramos, aran

for -er/-ir verbs
- add iera, ieras, iera, iéramos, ieran

Question 5

What is the name of the form to give commands

Answer 5

imperative

Question 6

How do you form affirmative tú commands?

Answer 6

1. third-person singular form (no vowel change)

Question 7

How do you form negative tú commands?

Answer 7

1. take the regular yo
2. drop the o
3. replace with the opposite vowel ending

ex: comes

Question 8

How do you form a formal positive (usted/ustedes) commands?

Answer 8

1. third person singular
2. flip the vowel

Question 9

How do you form a negative formal command?

Answer 9

1. use the present subjunctive form

ex: hablar– no hable (usted), no hablen (ustedes)

Question 10

How do you form the conditional tense?

Answer 10

1. use the complete verb (ex hablar), then add an ía, ías, etc…

Question 11

What are the six irregular verbs in the conditional?

Answer 11

1. tener: tendr-
2. poder: podr-
3. querer: querr-
4. hacer: har-
5. saber: sabr-
6. decir: dir-

Question 12

What are the irregulars in the past imperfect subjunctive?

Answer 12

1. ser: fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fueran
2. Ir: fuera, fueras, fuera, fuéramos, fueran
3. Haber: hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubieran
4. Estar: estuviera, estuvieras, estuviera, estuviéramos, estuvieran
5. Dar: diera, dieras, diera, diéramos, dieran
6. Saber: supiera, superas, supera, supiéramos, supieran
7. viera, vieras, viera, viéramos, vieran

Question 13

How do you form an “if-clause” about something contrary to a past fact?

Answer 13

si + pluperfect subjunctive

result clause = past conditional

Question 14

How do you form the pluperfect subjunctive (past perfect subjunctive)?

Answer 14

imperfect subj. haber + past participle

haber: hubiera, hubieras, hubiera, hubiéramos, hubieran

past participle: add -ado and -ido to the stem

ex: hablado, comido, vivido

Question 15

What is another name for the pluperfect subjunctive?

Answer 15

past perfect subjunctive

Question 16

What is a past participle in English? How do you form a past participle?

Answer 16

it’s like -ed. “I had/have played”

it’s used in combination with the verb haber

add -ido or -ado to the stem

Question 17

What is the difference between a past participle and a present participle?

Answer 17

1. past participle= used in combination with haber and adds and -ed like “I had played”
   (-ido, -ado add to stem)
2. present participle= makes the “ing” in the present. ex: walking
   (-iendo, -ando added to stem)

Question 18

How do you form the future tense?

Answer 18

-é, ás, á, emos, án

add to the full verb

Question 19

What are the irregulars in the future tense?

Answer 19

Push the r
1. caber: cabr-
2. haber: habr-
3. poder: podr-
4. querer: querr-
5. saber: sabr-

Add the d
1. poner: pondr-
2. tener: tendr-
3. salir: saldr-
4. valer: valdr-
5. venir: vendr-

3 letter
1. decir: dir-
2. hacer: har-