Simple pendulum energy
- max velocity at equilibrium as max Ek, no GPE
- zero velocity at max displacement as no Ek, max GPE
Mass spring system energy
- max velocity at equilibrium as max Ek, no EPE
- zero velocity at max displacement as no Ek, max EPE
Oscillation
Repeated back and forth motion about an equilibrium
Restoring force
The force that attracts the particle toward equilibrium
Simple harmonic motion
where the acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement and in the opposite direction
Damping
The process whereby energy is taken from an oscillating system
Light damping
Slowly reduces amplitude of oscillations but keeps the time period almost constant
Heavy damping
Allows the body to oscillate but brings it quickly to rest
Critical damping
Brings the body back to the equilibrium point very quickly without oscillation, an immediate force
Overdamping
Brings the body back to the equilibrium point very slowly without oscillation, a constant force
Free vibration
System displaced and left to oscillate, there is no driving force
Natural frequency
The frequency at which an object will vibrate freely, unique for every object
Forced vibrations
Oscillation due to external periodic driving force
Resonance
- Forced vibrations where amplitude of oscillations is at a maximum.
- Frequency of forced vibrations equals natural frequency
SHM assumption
Small angle approximation
Driving force
A force that is causing a forced vibration
