Sinus rhythm

Question 1

regular sinus rhythm

Answer 1

• 60-100
• rhythm regular
• p waves are normal, upright, and only before each QRS complex
• PR interval- .12-.2 sec
• QRS complex- normal, duration of < .12s

Question 2

causes of dysrhythmias

Answer 2

• myocardial ischemia, necrosis, or infarction
• autonomic nervous system imbalance
• distention of the chambers of the heart
• blood gas abnormalities
• electrolyte imbalances
• trauma to the myocardium
• drug effects and drug toxicity
• electrocution
• hypothermia
• CNS damage
• idiopathic events
• normal occurences

Question 3

dysrhythmia

Answer 3

• something off with the heart

- not working right

Question 4

arrhythmia

Answer 4

-something is absent

Question 5

ectopic foci

Answer 5

• other parts of the heart initiates their own pulse
• multiple beats
• ectopic beats

Question 6

reentry

Answer 6

• part of the impulse gets out of the electrical tract and then back into it
• causes multiple beats to take place

Question 7

classification by site of origin

Answer 7

• originating in the SA node
• originating in the atria
• originating within the AV junction
• sustained in or originating in the AV junction
• originating the in the ventricles
• resulting from disorders of conduction

Question 8

dysrhythmias originating in the SA node: bradycardia

Answer 8

• rate less than 60
• everything else is normal
• bradycardia!
• maybe too much parasympathetic
• maybe something wrong with SA node-> slow
• maybe drugs

Question 9

sinus bradycardia

Answer 9

• etiology- increase parasympathetic (vagal) tone, intrinsic disease of the SA node, drug effects
• may be a normal finding in health well conditioned persons
• clinical significance- may result in decreased cardiac output, hypotension, angina, or CNS symptoms
• in healthy well conditioned person, may have no significance
• treatment- generally unnecessary unless hypotension or ventricular irritability is present

Question 10

dysrhythmias originating in the SA node: tachycardia

Answer 10

• rate is greater than 100

- everything else is normal

Question 11

sinus tachycardia

Answer 11

• etiology- results from an increased rate of SA node discharge
• potential causes include exercise, fever, anxiety, hypovolemia, anemia, pump failure, increased sympathetic tone, hypoxia, or hyperthyroidism
• clinical significance- decreased cardiac output for rates > 140
• greater than 140- ventricles arnt filling enough -> stroke volume is too low
• very rapid rates can precipitate ischemia or infarct
• treatment- is directed at the underlying cause

Question 12

dysrhythmias originating in the SA node: sinus dysrhythmia

Answer 12

-rhythm is irregular

Question 13

sinus dysrhythmia/arrhythmia

Answer 13

• etiology- often a normal finding, sometimes related to the respiratory cycle
• rate gradually increases with inspiration and decreases with expiration
• may be caused by enhances vagal tone
• clinical significance- normal variant
• treatment- typically, none required

Question 14

dysrhythmias originating in the SA node

Answer 14

• normal to slow rate
• irregular rhythm
• pause in rate

Question 15

sinus arrest

Answer 15

• etiology- occurs when the sinus node fails to discharge
• may result from ischemia of the SA node, digitalis toxicity, excessive vagal tone, or degenerative fibrotic disease
• clinical significance- frequent or prolonged episodes may decrease cardiac output and cause syncope
• prolonged episodes may result in escape rhythms- AV node may fire (back up plans)
• treatment- none if patients is asymptomatic -> treat symptomatic bradycardia (treat just like bradycardia)

Question 16

sinus dysrhythmia

Answer 16

-never going to be the right answer on a quiz