Skeletal System

Question 1

Skeletal System Functions:

Answer 1

1. supports the body
2. Protects soft body parts
3. Produces blood cells
4. Stores minerals (calcium and phosphate) and fat
5. Allows for movement via attached muscles and articulations

Question 2

Diaphysis:

Answer 2

shaft of the bone; compact bone filled with yellow marrow

Question 3

Epiphysis:

Answer 3

ends of bone; mostly spongy bone

Question 4

Articular Cartilage:

Answer 4

hyaline cartilage found on the ends of long bones

Question 5

What does yellow bone marrow store?

Answer 5

fat

Question 6

What does red bone marrow make and which bones is it found in?

Answer 6

makes blood cells and found in spongy bone and flat bones

Question 7

Periosteum:

Answer 7

Outer covering of fibrous connective tissue

Question 8

Ligaments:

Answer 8

Fibrous connective tissue that connects bones

Question 9

Compact bone:

Answer 9

• composed of osteons with a central canal containing blood vessels
• contains living bone cells called osteocytes in chambers called lacunae

Question 10

Spongy bone:

Answer 10

made of plates with spaces filled red bone marrow.

Question 11

Canaliculi:

Answer 11

Tiny canals that connect the lucunae with one another and with the central canal in a bone.

Question 12

Ligaments connect: Tendons connect:

Answer 12

bone to bone. muscle to bone at a joint

Question 13

Chondrocytes:

Answer 13

cartilage-forming cells

Question 14

Fibrocartilage:

Answer 14

disks between vertebrae in the knee; stronger than hyaline cartilage

Question 15

Epiphysieal Plate:

Answer 15

growth plate

Question 16

Elastic Cartilage:

Answer 16

ear flaps and epiglottis; flexible

Question 17

How many bones are there in the body?

Answer 17

206

Question 18

Bone of the axial system consist of:

Answer 18

skull, vertebrae, rib cage, and hyoid bone.

Question 19

Bones of the skull:

Answer 19

frontal bone, temporal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, mandible, mixable, zygomatic bone.

Question 20

What is the first cervical vertebra called and what does it hole up?

Answer 20

atlas and it holds up the head.

Question 21

What kind of cartilage are intervertebral discs composed of?

Answer 21

fibrocartilage

Question 22

Parts of the backbone cervical:

Answer 22

thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx

Question 23

Bones of the appendicular skeleton:

Answer 23

hip bone, patella, humerus, ulna, radius, femur, fibula, tibia, scapula, clavicle, pelvic girdle, pectoral girdle.

Question 24

3 types of articulations:

Answer 24

fibrous joint, cartilaginous joint, synovial joint

Question 25

Bone growth occurs in 2 ways:

Answer 25

intramembranous ossification and endochondrial ossification

Question 26

Steps involved in Endochondral Ossification:

Answer 26

1. chondrocytes lay down hyaline cartilage in the shape of future bones. 2. oestoblasts secrete bone matrix to make compact bone collar. 3. osteoblasts are transported into bone by blood vessels and create spongy bone. 4. bone centers in the epiphyses formed after birth. 5. growth plate` allows bones to lengthen.

Question 27

growth hormone (GH)

Answer 27

stimulates growth of the epiphyseal plates.

Question 28

the articulation joins when it comes to movability:

Answer 28

- fibrous joint is usually immovable. - cartilaginous joint tends to be slightly movable. - synovial joint is freely movable

Question 29

Osteoporosis

Answer 29

bones are weakened due to decreased bone mass.

Question 30

Remodeling bones involves:

Answer 30

the parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.

Question 31

What does the parathyroid hormone do?

Answer 31

increases blood calcium by accelerating bone recylcing

Question 32

What does calcitonin do?

Answer 32

decreases blood calcium.

Question 33

How is a bone repaired after a fracture?

Answer 33

1. blood clot forms between broken bones 2. callus of fibrocartilage forms between broken bones 3. cartilaginous callus is turned to spongy bone 4. old bone tissue is replaced by new compact bone tissue.

Question 34

Spongy bone contains what?

Answer 34

red bone marrow, where blood cells are formed

Question 35

Which is not a function of a skeletal system?

Answer 35

production of body heat

Question 36

These cells are responsible for the formation of cartilage:

Answer 36

chondrocytes

Question 37

This bone is the only movable bone of the skull:

Answer 37

mandible

Question 38

This area of the vertebral column is the location where the ribs attach:

Answer 38

thoracic region

Question 39

Which of the following is not a bone of the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 39

a rib

Question 40

In which movement does a synovial joint allow the appendage to increase its angle from the body?

Answer 40

extension