What are the bones functions?
- Give shape to our bodies
- Protect internal organs
- Aid in movement
- House tissues that produce blood cells
- Store Inorganic Salts
How does blood cell formation work?
- The process of blood formation is called hematopoiesis
- Occurs thanks to the marrow, a soft netlike connective tissue located inside long bone
What are the two kinds of marrow?
Red: Forms red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Yellow: stores fat
Bone Cells
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes
What are osteoblasts?
Responsible for building new bone tissue
What are osteoclasts?
Breakdown bone tissue
What are osteocytes?
Osteoblasts that are completely surrounded by the tissue they made
Homeostasis of Bones
- After being formed, bones are continuously managed by osteoclasts and osteoblasts.
- Hormones that regulate blood calcium help control these opposing action of bone breakdown and build-up.
factors the affect bone development are?
- Nutrition
- Hormonal Secretion
- Exercise
Nutrition
- Calcium intake is very important for bone strength
- Vitamin D intake is also crucial to ensure proper absorption of calcium
Hormones
- Growth hormones secreted by the pituitary gland stimulate division of cartilage cells
- Sex hormones stimulate ossification of the epithyseal plates (Growth Plates)
Exercise
- Any exercise that results in stress being placed on bones causes tissue breakdown.
- In order to maintain health, the body must therefore thicken and strengthen the bones.
- Activities such a running are great for bone density due to the constant pounding, while activities such as swimming are not very effective.
What are the types of bones?
- Long bone
- Short Bone
- flat bone
- Irregular bone
- Sesamoid (round) bone
Long bone
Have long longitudinal axes and expanded ends.
what are the parts of a long bone?
- Epiphysis an expanded portion on either side of the bone that forms articulations aka joints with other bones.
- Articular Cartilage: Hyaline Cartilage covering the part of the bone forming a joint
- Diaphysis: The shaft of the bone
- Periosteum: a tough vascular and fibrous covering that completely covers the bone
- Compact Bone: Mainly found in the diaphysis
- Spongy bone: located in the epiphysis
- Medullary cavity: Hollow chamber
- Marrow: Specialized soft connective tissue in the medullary cavity
Short bone
Somewhat cubelike, with their lengths and widths mostly equal
Flat bone
Platelike structures with broad surfaces, skull
Irregular bone
Have a variety of shapes and are usually connected to several other bones (face)
Sesamoid (round) bone
Usually small and nodular, and are embedded within tendons adjacent to the joints
What are the two parts of skeletal organization?
Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton
What is the axial skeleton?
The bones that support/ protect the head, neck, and trunk
What is the appendicular Skeleton?
the bones of the upper and lower limbs, as well as the bones that anchor them to the axial skeleton
what are the points of interest for axial Skeleton?
- Skull
- Hyoid Bone
- Vertebral column
Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx - Thoracic Cage
Ribs
Sternum
Skull
Comprised of the cranium aka the bones of the head and the facial bones
