Skeletal system

Question 1

What is the skeletal system composed of?

Answer 1

Cartilage, bone tissue, epithelial tissue, nerve, blood forming tissue, adipose tissue, and dense regular tissue

Question 2

What are the 6 functions of bone?

Answer 2

Structure, support, blood cell formation, storage of minerals, protection, and movement

Question 3

A typical long bone has what 3 major sections

Answer 3

1. Epiphysis- end
2. Metaphysis- just below epiphysis
3. Diaphysis- middle

Question 4

What kind of tissue is bone

Answer 4

Connective tissue

Question 5

What are the 4 main types of bone cells

Answer 5

1. Osteogenic cells (the ones that undergo mitosis)
2. Osteoblast (loses ability to divide and gains ability to form matrix)
3. Osteocyte (mature cell contained in hard matrix)
4. Osteoclast (large cells formed by WBC to aid in bone growth, maintain, repair, and remodel)

Question 6

Osteogenic cells

Answer 6

Young cells that undergo mitosis or become osteoblasts

- located beneath endosteum and periosteum

Question 7

Osteoblasts

Answer 7

Form from osteogenic cells that lose there ability to divide and gain the ability to produce matrix
- located beneath endosteum and periosteum

Question 8

Osteocytes

Answer 8

Mature bone cell that become surrounded by matrix and incased in lucunae
- located beneath endosteum and periosteum

Question 9

Osteoclasts

Answer 9

(clean up) Formed from fused monocytes (WBC)

• located beneath endosteum and periosteum
• Secrete enzyme that dissolve bone matrix
• function in bone growth, maintenance, repair, remodelling

Question 10

What is bone matrix made up of?

Answer 10

15% water
30% organic matrix (collagen fibres)
55% inorganic matrix (minerals & salts)

Question 11

Mineralization is AKA

Answer 11

Calcification

Question 12

Calcification is..

Answer 12

Hardening of tissue when mineral crystals deposit around collagen fibres

Question 13

What 3 main components are in the bone matrix?

Answer 13

• Spaces for red bone marrow and vessels
• spongy bone that has many spaces
• compact bone that has vey few spaces

Question 14

One way to classify bone

Answer 14

density; compact or spongy (cancellous) bone

Question 15

Describe compact bone

Answer 15

• solid hard layer of bone
• makes up the shaft of long bone and external layers of all bones
• resist stresses from weight and movement
• composed of osteons

Question 16

Osteons

Answer 16

the chief structural unit of compact (cortical) bone, consisting of concentric bone layers called lamellae, which surround a long hollow passageway, the Haversian canal

Question 17

Haversian system

Answer 17

• concentric rings of calcified matrix surrounding a haversion canal

Question 18

Haversian Canal

Answer 18

Any of the tiny, interconnecting, longitudinal channels in bone tissue through which blood vessels, nerve fibers, and lymphatics pass.

Question 19

What connects haversian canals together in compact bone?

Answer 19

Volkman’s Canal

Question 20

Volkman’s canal

Answer 20

connects haversian canals together in the compact bone

Question 21

In spongy bone there is…

Answer 21

• latticework of thin plates of bone called trabeculae oriented along lines of stress
• the space between trabeculae is filled with red bone marrow
• found in ends of long bones and flat bones

Question 22

What types of bone contain red bone marrow?

Answer 22

• flat bones (cranial, pelvic, ribs, and sternum)

- proximal humerus and femur

Question 23

Whats another word for bone formation

Answer 23

ossification