Skeletal System

Question 1

Name the 5 elements to calcified bone

Answer 1

. Spongy bone
. Bone marrow
. Blood vessels
. Compact bone
. Epiphyseal line

Question 2

What does the compact bone do?

Answer 2

Exterior of the bone that provides strength

Question 3

What does the spongy bone do?

Answer 3

Interior of the bone that provides structural support and reduced weight

Question 4

What does the bone marrow do?

Answer 4

Stores fat, acts as an energy reserve and produces blood cells

Question 5

What do the blood vessels do?

Answer 5

Supply nutrients and oxygen

Question 6

Name the 5 functions of the skeletal system

Answer 6

. Protection
. Locomotion
. Mineral storage
. Support
. Haematopoiesis

Question 7

What makes up the axial skeleton in mammals?

Answer 7

The bones of the head and trunk: example..
. Skull
. Vertebrae
. Ribs

Question 8

What makes up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 8

Limb bones and bones that support their body: examples..
. Scapula
. Sacrum
. Femur

Question 9

What are the 5 elements that make up calcified bone?

Answer 9

. Compact bone
. Spongy bone
. Blood vessels
. Bone marrow
. Epiphyseal line

Question 10

What does the compact bone do?

Answer 10

The exterior of bone that provides strength

Question 11

What does the spongy bone do?

Answer 11

The interior of the bone which provides structural support and reduced weight

Question 12

What does bone marrow do?

Answer 12

. Stores fat
. Acts as energy reserve
. Produces blood cells

Question 13

What do the blood vessels do?

Answer 13

Supplies nutrients and oxygen

Question 14

Define ‘Pneumatised’

Answer 14

. Bones that contain large air pockets reinforced with a honeycomb structure

. Bones are lighter but strong

. In birds

Question 15

What are the 5 types of bone?

Answer 15

. Long
. Short
. Irregular
. Flat
. Sesamoid

Question 16

What is the function of long bones?

Answer 16

Act as levers; aids locomotion and support

Question 17

What is the function of a short bone?

Answer 17

Provides support, weight bearing

Question 18

What is the function of the flat bone?

Answer 18

Protects organs; attaches appendicular to axial skeleton

Question 19

What is the function of the sesamoid bone?

Answer 19

Reduces friction

Question 20

What is the function of the irregular bone?

Answer 20

Protection, support, anchors joints

Question 21

What are tendons and their function?

Answer 21

. Tough fibrous tissue

. Connect muscle to bone

. Allows movement

Question 22

What are ligaments and their function?

Answer 22

. Tough fibrous tissue

. Connect bone to bone

. Supports movement

Question 23

Define ‘joint’

Answer 23

The point where two or more bones meet

Question 24

What are the 3 types of joint?

Answer 24

. Fibrous joint
. Cartilaginous joint
. Synovial joint

Question 25

Name the characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 25

. Fixed by fibrous connective tissue . Allows NO movement . Mainly found in the skull

Question 26

Name the characteristics of cartilaginous joints

Answer 26

. Held together by cartilage . Allows slight movement . Found in the spine and ribs . Cartilage is a good shock absorber

Question 27

Name the characteristics of synovial joints

Answer 27

. Occur where two bones meet . Freely moveable

Question 28

What 4 elements make up synovial joints?

Answer 28

. Hyaline cartilage . Synovial membrane . Synovial fluid . Fibrous joint capsule

Question 29

What is the function of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 29

. Reduces friction . Acts as a shock absorber

Question 30

What is the function of the synovial membrane?

Answer 30

. Produces synovial fluid

Question 31

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 31

. Lubricates the joint

Question 32

What is the function of the fibrous joint capsule?

Answer 32

. Acts as an envelope around the synovial joint

Question 33

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

Answer 33

. Hinge joint . Pivot joint . Ball and socket joint . Gliding joint . Condyloid joint . Saddle joint

Question 34

What movements does the hinge joint do and give examples

Answer 34

Movement: Flexion/ extension Example: Elbow/ knee

Question 35

What movements does the pivot joint do and give examples

Answer 35

Movement: Rotation Example: Atlas/ axis

Question 36

What movements does the ball and socket joint do and give examples

Answer 36

Movement: Flexion/ extension, adduction/ abduction, pronation/ supination Example: Shoulder/ Hip

Question 37

What movements does the gliding joint do and give examples

Answer 37

Movement: Gliding Example: Tarsus & Carpus

Question 38

What movements does the condyloid joint do and give examples

Answer 38

Movement: Flexion/ extension, abduction/ adduction Example: Wrist, phalanges

Question 39

What movements does the saddle joint do and give examples

Answer 39

Movement: Most except rotation Example: Thumb

Question 40

What type of tissue is a muscle?

Answer 40

Contractile tissue

Question 41

What is the role of the tendon?

Answer 41

Enables movement

Question 42

What is the role of the ligament?

Answer 42

Stabilises joints

Question 43

What 2 minerals are stored in bones?

Answer 43

. Phosphorus . Calcium

Question 44

What 5 sections is the vertebral column divided into?

Answer 44

. Cervical . Thoracic . Lumbar . Sacrum . Caudal vertebrae

Question 45

What is haematopoiesis?

Answer 45

The production of red and white blood cells in bone marrow

Question 46

What minerals are stored in bones?

Answer 46

. Phosphorus . Calcium

Question 47

Explain how movement occurs in skeletons?

Answer 47

Muscles are attached to bones so when muscles contract the bones move

Question 48

Give an example for each 5 types of bone?

Answer 48

Long - Femur, humerus etc Short - Carpus, tarsus Flat - Scapula, ribs, cranium Irregular - Vertebrae Sesamoid - Patella

Question 49

What are the 4 functions of muscles?

Answer 49

. Locomotion . Organ movement . Posture . Heat generation

Question 50

What are the 4 main organs that are surrounded by skeleton?

Answer 50

. Brain . Spinal cord . Heart . Lungs