What does the axial skeleton consist of?
Cranium, vertebral column, sternum, ribs
What does the appendicular skeleton do?
Provides movement for the body
What is the bones of the vertebral column?
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Protection, blood production, support, mineral storage, shape, movement
What are the different types of bones?
Flat, sesamoid, short, long, irregular
what are flat bones?
Flat plates of bone that protect organs, e.g ; cranium, scapula, sternum, ribs
What are sesamoid bones?
Embedded in a tendon, e.g ; patella
What are short bones?
Bones that are as long as they’re wide, e.g ; carpals, tarsals, talus
What are irregular bones?
Bones don’t fit into any other category, e.g ; vertebral column
What are long bones?
Bones that are longer than the are wide, e.g ; phalanges, humerus, radius, ulna
What are the three types of joints?
Fixed, slightly moveable, synovial
What are the types of synovial joints?
Pivot, hinge, saddle, ball and socket, condyloid, gliding
What are part of the structure of synovial joints?
What create the structure of the synovial joints?
Ligament, synovial membrane, joint capsule, synovial fluid, articular cartilage
What is a bursae?
Small sacks of fluid located where skin, ligaments and bones can cause friction.
What do menisci and pads of fat do?
Act as shock absorbers and reduce impact.
What is flexion?
The bending/ opening of a joint at a hinge, ball and socket, saddle and condyloid
What is extension?
Straightening/ opening of a joint at a hinge, ball and socket, saddle and condyloid
What is abduction?
Taking a body part away from the midline of the body at a ball and socket joint.
What is adduction?
Bringing a body part towards the midline of the body at a ball and socket joint.
What is rotation?
The turning of a joint at a pivot, ball and socket and condyloid.
What is circumduction?
Full circles with a joint at a ball and socket, saddle and condyloid joint
What is pronation?
Palm facing towards the floor
What is supination?
Palm facing upwards.
