Skeletal System

Question 1

what are the 2 major structral components of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

Bone

Cartilage

Question 2

A. What are the functions of cartilage?

B. In what types of body areas will you find it?

Answer 2

A. Functions of cartilage:

• to support soft tissues
• to provide a relatively friction-free surface for bone articulations at joints
• to enable growth and development of long bones

B. locations:

• areas where support and flexibility are needed

Question 3

A. What type of tissue if cartilage?

B. Identify 2 important characteristics about cartilage innervation and vasculature.

Answer 3

A. connective tissue

B. Avascular and a-neural

Question 4

What quantities of extracellular fibers will be found in cartiledge located:

A. in areas with greater stress and weight-bearing demands:

B. areas with less stress and weight-bearing demands:

Answer 4

A. less elastic and more collagen fibers

B. more elastic and less collagen fibers

Question 5

Name this type of cartilage, what is contains, and where it can be located:

Answer 5

Fibrous:

limited number of cells & ground substance in matrix; large number of collagen fibers

(e.g.,intervertebral disc)

Question 6

Name this type of cartilage, what is contains, and where it can be located:

Answer 6

Elastic:

collagen fibers along with a large number of elastic fibers in matrix

(e.g., external ear)

Question 7

What are the subgroups of the skeletal system and what structures do they contain?

Answer 7

Axial skeleton:

cranium + mandible + neck + vertebral column + ribs + sternum

— Appendicular skeleton:

bones of upper limb + bones of lower limb + clavicle + scapula + pelvis

Question 8

How many bones are in the human body?

What are the 3 main components of bone?

Answer 8

206

** **intercellular calcified matrix + collagen + cells within matrix

Question 9

What are 5 functions of bone?

Answer 9

• supportive structures for body
• protectors of vital organs
• reservoirs of calcium and phosphorus
• mechanical basis for movement
• containers for blood-producing cells

Question 10

What is the tissuse covering of bones?

What are its functions?

Answer 10

Periosteum

Functions:

• capable of bone deposition
  
  • interface for attachments of tendons and ligaments
• * not found on articular surfaces of bone*

Question 11

Name and describe 5 differnt bone shapes.
Give and example of each one

Answer 11

Flat bones: consist of two compact bone plates separated by spongy bones (e.g., bones of skull)

— Irregular bones: are bones with various shapes (e.g., bones of face)

— Long bones: are tubular (e.g., humerus and femur)

— Short bones: are cuboidal (e.g., bones of wrist and ankle)

— Sesamoid bones: develop in tendons (e.g., patella)

Question 12

Identify the 4 common features of long bones

Answer 12

Diaphysis: tubular shaft composed of compact bone

Epiphysis: at each end of bone

Metaphysis: trabeculae-filled expansion of diaphysis separating diaphysis from epiphysis

Epiphyseal (growth) plate: between diaphysis (metaphysis) and epiphysis

Question 13

How many bones are in the human body?

What are the 3 main components of bone?

Answer 13

206

** **intercellular calcified matrix + collagen + cells within matrix

Question 14

Name 2 types of bone.

Identify their structures.

Answer 14

Compact bone:

• dense bone on outer shell of all bones
• surrounds spongy bone
• provides strength for weight-bearing
• amount is greatest near mid-shaft of long bones

Spongy bone (trabecular, cancellous):

• formed by spicules (trabeculae) of bone
• encloses medullary cavity
• production of red blood cell and platelet in medullary cavity

Question 15

Identify the 4 common features of long bones

Answer 15

Diaphysis: tubular shaft composed of compact bone

Epiphysis: at each end of bone

Metaphysis: trabeculae-filled expansion of diaphysis separating diaphysis from epiphysis

Epiphyseal (growth) plate: between diaphysis (metaphysis) and epiphysis

Question 16

A. What type of tissue if cartilage?

B. Identify 2 important characteristics about cartilage innervation and vasculature.

Answer 16

A. connective tissue

B. Avascular and a-neural

Question 17

What quantities of extracellular fibers will be found in cartiledge located:

A. in areas with greater stress and weight-bearing demands:

B. areas with less stress and weight-bearing demands:

Answer 17

A. less elastic and more collagen fibers

B. more elastic and less collagen fibers

Question 18

Name this type of cartilage, what is contains, and where it can be located:

Answer 18

Hyaline:

moderate amount of collagen fibers in matrix

(e.g., articular surfaces of long bones)

Question 19

Name this type of cartilage, what is contains, and where it can be located:

Answer 19

Fibrous:

limited number of cells & ground substance in matrix; large number of collagen fibers

(e.g.,intervertebral disc)