Skeletal System Pathologies 2

Question 1

defined as inflammation of the joints

Answer 1

Arthritis

Question 2

Commonly called Pyogenic Arthritis caused by staphylocci, streptococci and gonococci. Symptoms are pain, redness, swelling of the affected joint accompanied by fever.

Answer 2

Acute Arthritis

Question 3

• chronic inflammatory disorder affecting the synovial joints.
• common in women aged 20 to 50.
• it is manifested as having pain, swelling, stiffness, fatigue,
  weight-loss, fever,anorexia, etc.

Answer 3

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 4

• a progressive form of arthritis that is a chronic condition affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints of males aged 10 to 30 years.

Answer 4

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 5

• it leads to rigidity and fixation making the spine a rigid block of bone referred to as bamboo spine resulting in bone fusion (ankylosis)

Answer 5

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 6

the most common type of arthritis known for as degenerative joint disease.

Answer 6

Osteoarthritis

Question 7

• affects male and female equally resulting from a non-inflammatory deterioration of the joint cartilage that occurs with the normal wear and tear of aging.
• it is also secondary to bone stress associated with trauma.

Answer 7

Osteoarthritis

Question 8

• This condition affects mainly the large, weight-bearing joints and interphalangeal joints of the fingers.

Answer 8

Osteoarthritis

Question 9

radiographically, presence of bone spurs or known as osteophytes are seen visible which is due to the loss of articular cartilage.

Answer 9

Osteoarthritis

Question 10

Inflammation of Associated Joint Structures

Answer 10

Tendonitis

Bursitis

Question 11

inflammation of the tendons (connective tissues attaching the muscles to the bones, enclosed in a sheath)

Answer 11

Tendonitis

Question 12

inherited metabolic disorder with excess amounts of uric acid.

Answer 12

Gouty Arthritis

Question 13

• common in males affecting the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe.
• its complication leads to kidney stone formation due to increase excretion of uric acid by the kidneys.

Answer 13

Gouty Arthritis

Question 14

A metabolic bone disorder common in women past menopause. There is an abnormal decrease in bone density. In postmenopausal women, hormone estrogen is decreased or lost causing the bones to become “porous”. Its severity leads to a compression fracture. Treatment includes increase in intake of calcium, vitamin D and sex hormone supplements.

Answer 14

Osteoporosis

Question 15

Metabolic condition due to lack of calcium in the tissues and a failure of bone to calcify. Results from inadequate intake of calcium, phosphorus,or vitamin D.

Answer 15

Osteomalacia

Question 16

It is caused by vitamin D deficiency in children.

Answer 16

Rickets

Question 17

It is the most common in elderly of unknown etiology. Affects the pelvis, spine, skull and the long bones. Complications may lead to hearing and vision disturbances and even to a malignant neoplastic disease of the skeletal system

Answer 17

Paget’s Disease

Question 18

malignant neoplastic disease of the skeletal system

Answer 18

OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA.

Question 19

A fairly common disease of the endocrine system, often very mild and may go undetected for a long time, Since the skeletal system is involved in balancing calcium and phosphorus levels, such condition disrupts the normal calcium-phosphorus ratio leading to bone destruction.

Answer 19

Hyperthyroidism

Question 20

Also an endocrine disorder due to disturbance of the PITUITARY GLAND. It is a slowly progressive disease in which there is an increase in growth of the hormone that will thicken and make the bone coarse because of the epiphyses closing and bone that does not grow in length anymore.

Answer 20

Acromegaly

Question 21

• Radiographically, it will show an increase in size of SELLA TURCICA and some changes in the skull
• People with acromegaly present forehead & jaw, widened teeth, and a large spade-like hand.

Answer 21

Acromegaly

Question 22

A discontinuity of bone caused by mechanical forces either applied to the bone or transmitted directly along the line of a bone

Answer 22

Fractures

Question 23

Classification of Fractures

Answer 23

1. Open or Compound fracture
2. Closed Fracture
3. Complete, Non comminuted Fracture
4. Incomplete

Question 24

one in which the bone has penetrate the skin.

Answer 24

Open or Compound fracture

Question 25

one in which the skin is not penetrated, thus reducing the chance of infection

Answer 25

Closed Fracture

Question 26

those in which the bone has separated into two fragments

Answer 26

Complete, Non comminuted Fracture

Question 27

those in which only part of the bony structure gives way, with little or no displacement

Answer 27

Incomplete

Question 28

complete fractures that are at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Answer 28

Transverse

Question 29

a type of incomplete fracture that extends from the surface into but not all the way through a long bone

Answer 29

Fissure

Question 30

the axis of the fracture is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the bone. The length and angle of the fracture depend on the rotational stress

Answer 30

Oblique

Question 31

- the bone appears to be twisted apart | - this is very common in the humerus, and especially the tibia of skiers

Answer 31

Spiral

Question 32

a lengthwise break in a bone

Answer 32

Longitudinal

Question 33

one bone fragment is driven into another

Answer 33

Impacted

Question 34

a type of impacted facture that is especially common in the distal radius of children

Answer 34

Torus

Question 35

the bone is separated into two or more and often numerous fragments

Answer 35

Comminuted

Question 36

fracture of a bone in two district places

Answer 36

Double

Question 37

occur when a fragment of bone is pulled away from the shaft

Answer 37

Avulsion

Question 38

- fractures that usually occur as a result of a strong, violent force - occur at sites of maximal strain on a bone,usually in connection with unaccustomed activity

Answer 38

Stress/Fatigue

Question 39

commonly a transverse fracture occurring in abnormal bone | that is weakened by various diseases

Answer 39

Pathologic

Question 40

a fractures of the base of the first metacarpal with involvement of the first carpometacarpal joint

Answer 40

Bennett's Fracture

Question 41

a fracture through the distal one-inch of the radius

Answer 41

Colle's

Question 42

a reverse Colle’s fracture with displacement toward the palmar aspect of the hand

Answer 42

Smith's

Question 43

a common pediatric fracture in which there is an alteration in the alignment of the condyles may come to lie directly under the shaft of the humerus

Answer 43

Supracondylar

Question 44

usually caused by falling on one’s hand

Answer 44

Carpal-Navicular Fracture

Question 45

involves both malleoli, with dislocation of the ankle joint

Answer 45

Pott's

Question 46

- the exact location and severity of a hip fracture depend on the direction of the forces involved - the most common types of hip fractures include subcapital, transcervical and intertrochanteric

Answer 46

Hip Fractures

Question 47

a fracture of the lateral and medial malleolus

Answer 47

Bimalleolar Fracture

Question 48

has three components: the medial and lateral malleolus and the posterior distal tibia

Answer 48

Trimalleolar Fracture

Question 49

a common transverse fracture that occurs when the foot is suddenly twisted when the ankle pronates

Answer 49

Fracture of the Base of the Fifth Metatarsal

Question 50

occurs when a person falls directly on the patella, shattering it.

Answer 50

Stellate Fracture

Question 51

a comminuted fracture in which there are one or more | butterfly wing or wedge-shaped fragments split off from the main fragments

Answer 51

Butterfly