1
Q
Study of skin, its functions, structures, conditions, diseases/disorders and treatments
A
Dermatology
2
Q
The basic unit of all living matter
A
Cell
3
Q
Process in which human tissue cells reproduce by dividing in half, creating two daughter cells
A
Mitosis
4
Q
Group of similar cells that perform specific functions
A
Tissues
5
Q
Separate body structures composed of multiple tissues that each perform specific functions
A
Organs
6
Q
Physical foundation of the body, 206 bones
A
Skeletal system
7
Q
Spongy bone between both eye sockets that forms part of the naval cavity
A
Ethmoid bone
8
Q
Contracts and moves various parts of the body and supports the skeletal system
A
Muscular system
9
Q
Study of muscles, their structure, function, and diseases
A
Myology
10
Q
Place where a muscle attaches to a non-moving section of bone
A
Origin
11
Q
The middle part of the muscle
A
Belly
12
Q
Portion of muscle joined to bone to assist movement
A
Insertion
13
Q
Also known as the skeletal muscles, are voluntary muscles attached to the bones and are knowingly controlled
A
Striated muscle
14
Q
Involuntary muscle that is smooth and not marked with lines
A
Non-striated muscle
15
Q
Massage technique that involves gliding, stoking, or circular movements, utilizing a light, slow, consistent motion with either light or no pressure
A
Effleurage
16
Q
Massage technique that involves kneading, lifting, or grasping movements
A
Petrissage
17
Q
Massage technique that involves deep rubbing, rolling, or wringing movement applied with pressure, forcing one layer of tissue to press against another layer, therefore flattening or stretching that tissue
A
Friction
18
Q
Also known as tapotement, massage technique that involves short, light tapping or slapping movements
A
Percussion
19
Q
Massage technique that involves the use of the tips of the fingers to produce a rapid shaking movement
A
Vibration
20
Q
Comprised of skin and its layers, serves as a protective covering
A
Integumentary system
21
Q
Guarding against the skin’s enemies, such as UV rays, extreme weather conditions, bacterial infections, and injury
A
Protection
22
Q
Maintaining a body temp of 98.6 through the blood and excretion of perspiration
A
Heat regulation
23
Q
Allows products to penetrate the skin to keep it supple and pliable, which helps the skin to retain its stretch and/or elasticity
A
Absorption
24
Q
When sebum, an oily substance, is delivered from the sebaceous glands to provide moisture and maintain skin’s elasticity
A
Secretion
25
Accomplished when the sweat glands disperse perspiration, this maintains a healthy temp by cooling the body
Excretion
26
Nerve endings that are stimulated through touch, heat, cold, pressure, and pain receptors; receptors are near hair follicles in the dermis and send messages to the brain to react
Sensation
27
Also known as the basal layer, is the outermost layer of the skin, containing many small nerve endings, but no blood vessels
Epidermis
28
Outermost layer of the epidermis, horny layer
Stratum corneum
29
Clear layer of epidermis just below stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
30
Granular-like layer of the epidermis located between the stratum lucidum and stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
31
Layer where the cells develop tiny spines that assist in binding all cells
Stratum spinosum
32
Deepest/innermost layer, of epidermis, known as the basal cell layer
Stratum germinativum
33
The underlying or inner layer of the skin directly below the epidermis, also known as the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin
Dermis
34
Outermost layer of the dermis, directly underneath the epidermis
Papillary layer
35
Deeper layer of the dermis/derma located directly below the papillary layer, that assists in supplying the skin with nutrients and oxygen
Reticular layer
36
Fatty tissue found beneath the dermis
Subcutaneous/adipose tissue
37
Secretes waste from the body and deposits it on the skin's surface; located within the dermis
Duct gland
38
Sweat glands, consist of tube-like ducts that begin in the dermis and extend into the epidermis by attaching themselves to hair follicles
Eccrine: face, palms, soles; activated by heat/bodily activity; secrete sweat, supplies acidic pH to skin due to sweat's water content, fat, and some salt
Apocrine: armpits and pubic area, activated by stress/puberty; secretions similar to sweat but thicker creating BO
Sudoriferous glands
39
Sac-like duct gland attached to the hair follicles that produce sebum, located everywhere but palms and soles; activated by stress, diet, hormones
Sebaceous/oil gland
40
Oily substance that lubes the skin or scalp and is secreted from the sebaceous glands, mix of fats and lipids
Sebum
41
Rare, congenital skin disorder characterized by a total or partial lack of melanin in the body
Albinism
42
Skin disorder that is characterized by light patches (hypopigmentation); can be caused by a burn or congenital disease, such as albinism
Leukoderma
43
Inherited skin disorder producing smooth, irregularly-shaped white patches, caused by loss of pigment-producing cells
Vitiligo
44
Also known as liver spots or moth patches; non-elevated, hyperpigmented, light to dark brown spots and scattered on hands, arms, or face
Chloasma
45
Birthmark on the skin, characterized by a small or large irregularly-shaped marks or stains
Nevus
46
Also known as a callus or tyloma, is a thickened or hardened area of the skin caused by friction, continual rubbing, or pressure over the same part of the skin
Keratoma
47
Medical term for wart; characterized by a hard, rough, red or flesh-colored bump that is commonly found on hands or feet
Verruca
48
Small flat or raised pigmented spot on the surface of the skin, ranging in color from light to dark brown
Mole
49
Small, white, keratin- filled bumps or cysts that are enclosed within the epidermis with no visible opening; commonly found around the eyes, cheeks, and/or forehead
Milia
50
Skin lesion containing masses of sebum trapped in the hair follicle; two types are open (blackheads) and closed (whiteheads)
Comedo
51
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous gland
Acne
52
Chronic skin disorder of the face with red inflamed areas appearing mostly on the nose and cheeks, characterized by telangiectasias (over dilation of tiny blood vessels, producing flushing, swelling, broken blood vessel appearance on face)
Rosacea
53
Foul-smelling perspiration
Bromhidrosis
54
An over-abundance of perspiration due to an overactive sudoriferous gland
Hyperhidrosis
55
Lack of perspiration due to an underactive sudoriferous gland
Anhidrosis
56
A rash of tiny, red, raised spots appearing on the skin, accompanied by burning and itching
Miliaria rubra/heat rash/prickly heat
57
Inflammation of the skin from any cause, resulting in a range of symptoms, such as redness, swelling, itching, or blistering
Dermatitis
58
Also known as contact dermatitis, is an allergic reaction caused by the skin's sensitivity to the exposure or use of a certain product
Dermatitis venenata
59
Painful, itchy, non-contagious skin inflammation, which can have the appearance of either dry or moist lesions
Eczema
60
Contagious bacterial infections of the skin characterized by open lesions
Impetigo
61
Pink eye; highly contagious, common bacterial eye infection
Conjunctivitis
62
Wound or mark on the skin that can be considered either a disease or a disorder
Lesion
63
Small, red, elevated, protrusion of the skin, usually containing no pus
Papule
64
Inflamed, elevated pimple containing pus
Pustule
65
Areas of discoloration that appear on the surface of the skin (ex. Freckles)
Macule
66
Small blister or sac filled with clear fluid
Vesicle
67
Large blister containing clear fluid
Bulla
68
Urticaria; itchy, swollen lesion that occurs shortly after an insect bite or allergic reaction
Wheal
69
Occurs through the scraping or scratching of the of the epidermal layer or skin's surface; this can occur with an existing sore being scratched, irritating the existing injury
Excoriation
70
Most common and mild form of skin cancer; characterized either as a small red bump with a surface appearance of blood vessels or a pearly nodule with a rough texture
Basal cell carcinoma
71
More serious than basal; characterized by red, scaly patches or open sores that may bleed or crust
Squamous cell carcinoma
72
Most dangerous form of skin cancer; appears as dark brown/black spots or lesions with uneven size, shape, and/or color
Malignant melanoma
73
Lowest level of decontamination that is a physical or chemical process of reducing pathogens and dirt; it will aid in preventing growth of germs but it won't kill bacteria
Sanitation
74
Agent that prevents or reduces skin infection by eliminating or decreasing the growth of microorganisms; it can be applied safely to the skin to cleanse superficial wounds or assist in bacteria removal
Antiseptic
75
To destroy microorganisms on nonporous surfaces and prevent infection; second level of infection control
Disinfection
76
Product or item capable of destroying bacteria
Bactericidal
77
Capable of destroying viruses
Virucidal
78
Capable of destroying fungus
Fungicidal
79
Product able to kill the bacteria causing tuberculosis
Tuberculocidal
80
Can kill the pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria
Pseudomonacidal
81
Chemical process that completely destroys all microbial life and bacterial spores on nonporous surfaces; most effective/highest level of infection control; germ free
Sterilization
82
Fever blister, cold sore; contagious skin disorder associated with a viral infection
Herpes Simplex (HSV)
83
Bloodborne pathogen that weakens the immune system by destroying the white blood cells; can lead to AIDS
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
84
Final stage of HIV; destroys the immune system
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
85
Infection resistant to certain antibiotics; commonly found on the skin and starts as small, red bumps
MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)
86
Bloodborne virus causing liver inflammation caused by infections of toxic agents and is characterized by jaundice, fever, liver enlargement, and ab pain
Hepatitis
87
Rapid or interrupted electrical current that switches direction, moving in one direction then changing to the opposite direction
Alternating current (AC)
88
Electric current flowing in only one direction
Direct current (DC)
89
Any material that allows or supports flow of electric current (ex. Metal, copper, water)
Conductor
90
Unit of measure for force/pressure of electric current
Volt
91
Unit of measure for resistance of electric current
Ohm
92
Designed to prevent excessive amount of electrical current from passing through circuit
Fuse
93
Hypertrichosis; extreme hairiness or excessive hair growth, sometimes on common areas of the face and body
Hirsutism
94
Violet ray; uses AC that produces heat and provides stimulation and/or relaxation to the skin and scalp
Tesla high frequency current
95
Constant and direct current set to a safe, low voltage level; chemical changes are produced when the current is passed through certain solutions containing acids and salts
Galvanic current
96
Property of having two opposites; positive and negative pole of an electric current
Polarity
97
Comprised of blood, blood vessels, and heart; responsible for moving blood and lymph throughout the body
Circulatory system
98
Nourishing fluid that supplies nutrients and oxygen, carries away waste products, and protects the body from pathogenic bacteria
Blood
99
Colorless particle located in the blood responsible for clotting
Platelet (thrombocyte)
100
Thick-walled, tube-like vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart
Artery
101
Thin-walled, tube-like vessel that carries the impure blood back to the heart; contains small cup-like structures that keep blood flowing in one direction
Vein
102
Thin-walled chambers of the heart's top half
Atrium
103
Thick-walled chambers of the heart's bot half
Ventricles
104
Permits blood to flow in one direction only, either into or out of the ventricles and/or atrium
Valves
105
Clear, slightly yellow fluid that is located within the vessels and is filtered by the lymph nodes
Lymph
106
Main blood supply to face, head, and neck
Common carotid arteries
107
Study of the structure and purpose of the nervous system
Neurology
108
Comprised of brain, spinal cord, nerves; regulates and controls all bodily activities
Nervous system
109
Nerve that carries messages to brain/spinal cord to produce movement
Motor nerve
110
Nerve that carries messages to the brain/spinal cord to recognize sensations
Sensory nerve
111
Stomach, intestines, mouth, and glands that digest and break down food into nutrients
Digestive system
112
Specialized, ductless glands that regulate hormone production (body system)
Endocrine system
113
Kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, lungs eliminate waste from body
Excretory system
114
Protects body from disease by developing immunity (body system)
Lymphatic/immune system
115
Comprised of organs necessary to reproduce
Reproductive system
116
Comprised of organs that process air
Respiratory system
117
Often due to over/under-functioning of internal glands/organs
Systemic disease
118
Skin care product that softens the epidermal layer and restores hydration and moisture loss
Moisturizer
119
Surrounds the entire eye socket, allows eyelid to open and close
Obicularis occuli
120
Located at the bridge of the nose between the eyebrows, pulls brows down causing wrinkling
Procerus
121
Product that chemically/manually remove dead skin from the skin surface
Mechanical: scrubs; contain mild abrasive/coarse ingredients (sugar, pumice, crystals, oats, crushed seeds)
Chemical: chemicals that loosen/remove dead skin
Exfoliant
122
Thin layer of sebum/sweat that provides skin barrier in helping to resist dirt and germs from entering the body; ph of 4.5-5.5; protects and nourishes skin
Acid mantle
123
Major fibrous protein that maintains skin's firmness and form; provides structural support by holding all other dermis tissues together; weakened by moisture loss, sun exposure, age, weight fluctuation; weakened fibers result in loss of skin tone and pliability
Collagen
124
Yellowish, elastic protein fibers that are interwoven with collagen fibers to provide skin's overall stretch; assists skin's flexibility in regaining shape after repeated stretching/wear and tear
Elastin tissues
125
Unstable molecules causing wrinkling/sagging
Free radicals
126
Rays penetrating deep in the dermis, responsible for increased aging and wrinkling; penetrate glass
Ultraviolet A (UVA)
127
Rays penetrating into epidermis, responsible for tanning/burning, depending on exposure time and melanin production; may cause damage/cancer
Ultraviolet B (UVB)
128
Cell melanin is derived from, located in papillary layer and epidermis; contain pigment granules called melanosomes containing enzyme called tyrosinase
Melanocyte
129
Skin discoloration
Dyschromia
130
Absence of pigment resulting in white/light patches devoid of pigment/melanin
Hypopigmentation
131
Pigmentation darker than normal, often in patches
Hyperpigmentation
132
Freckles; small, flat, colored spots in various colors, shapes, sizes
Lentigines
133
Excessive/abnormal skin growth
Hypertrophy
134
Small, soft, pigmented outgrowth of epidermal layer
Skin tag
135
Skin cancer tumor containing dark pigment
Melanoma
136
Long lasting/recurring
Chronic
137
Short duration, but can be severe and painful
Acute
138
Bacteria mixing with sebum that produces acne
Propionibacterium
139
Acne that advances into enlarged solid/semi solid lumps located within the hair follicle
Cystic acne
140
Hereditary acne
Retention hyperkeratosis
141
Chronic sebaceous gland inflammation producing greasy/dry off white scales
Seborrhea dermititis/cradle cap
142
Occurs when sebaceous gland is blocked, creating sebum-filled sac or fatty tumor within skin
Steatoma/sebaceous cyst
143
Dry, scaly patches on the skin due to underactive sebaceous gland or long term exposure to cold temps
Asteatosis
144
Advanced rosacea producing pap/pustules
Acne rosacea
145
Designed not to clog follicles
Noncomedogenic
146
Caused by exposure to alkaline materials
Irritant contact dermatitis
147
Chronic, noncontagious skin disorder appearing as rough, dry, red patches covered with silvery white scales/crusts; caused by stratum corneum cell overproduction
Psoriasis
148
Different skin color and raised above the skin (papule, pustules, tubercles, nodule, cyst, tumor, macule, vesicle, bulla, wheal)
Primary lesion
149
Structural change to skin's surface, evolves from primary lesion (crust, scale, scar, keloid, fissure, ulcer, excoriation)
Secondary lesion
150
Small, prominent, solid lumps enclosed within epidermis, may extend into dermis
Tubercles
151
Solid bump larger than 1 cm that can be easily felt
Nodule
152
Closed, abnormally developed sac containing pus, fluid, morbid matter
Cyst
153
Abnormal solid mass/lump varying in size, shape, color
Tumor
154
Scab; dried, hardened accumulation of blood, sebum, pus that forms on injury
Crust
155
Accumulation of hardened dead skin cells that shed from epidermal layer
Scale
156
Raised discolored marks on skin appearing with healing injury/disorder
Scar
157
Thick, slightly raised scar resulting from excessive skin growth
Keloid
158
Opening/crack that may penetrate down to dermal layer
Fissure
159
Slow healing, open lesion on surface of of skin or mucus membrane
Ulcer
160
Flow of positive and negative electric currents from a generating source through a conductor and back to the generating source
Complete electric current
Cosmetology
flashcards
Decks in class (19)
# Cards
-
Nails111
-
Skin160
-
Skin quiz10
-
Skin Test24
-
Skin Test Pt 225
-
Chemical Texturizing80
-
Cutting120
-
Hair Cutting Quiz21
-
Hc Test53
-
Coloring80
-
Hairdressing49
-
Color Quiz23
-
Coloring Test21
-
Hairdressing Quiz10
-
Hairdressing test25
-
CTQ10
-
CTT12
-
Diseases, Disorders, And Sanitation3
-
Career Readiness45
