- Circumscribed - Collection of free fluid - > 1 cm

- Circumscribed - flat - distinguished from surrounding skin by color - < 5mm

- circular - elevated - solid lesion - > 1 cm

- circumscribed - flat - discoloration - > 1cm

- Elevated - Dome shaped - flat topped - < 5mm

- Elevated - flat - topped - >5mm

- Itchy - transient - elevated - variable blanching and erythema - dermal edema

- epidermal thickening - flakes - compacted layers

Skin Flashcards by Julia Amero

What are the layers of the skin?

epidermis
dermis
hypodermis

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Are skin disorders common?

Yes

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Are skin disorders diverse?

Yes

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Is skin an organ?

Yes

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Is the skin a complex organ?

Yes

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Is the skin the largest organ?

Yes

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Which layer of skin: water resistant

Epidermis

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What is the epidermis made up of?

4-5 sublayers

- closely packed cells

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What is the dermis made up of?

-Contains connective tissues

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What is the hypodermis made up of?

subcutaneous tissue
connective tissue
blood vessels
nerve cells

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What is the function of the epidermis?

First line of defense

- cell renewal

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What is the function of the dermis?

-Houses the bodies:

hair follicles
sweat glands
blood vessels

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What is the function of the hypodermis?

-Where fat is deposited and stored

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Bulla

Circumscribed
Collection of free fluid
> 1 cm

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Macule

Circumscribed
flat
distinguished from surrounding skin by color
< 5mm

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Nodule

circular
elevated
solid lesion
> 1 cm

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Patch

circumscribed
flat
discoloration
> 1cm

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Papule

Elevated
Dome shaped
flat topped
< 5mm

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Plaque

Elevated
flat
topped
> 5mm

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Pustule

Discrete
pus filled
raised

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Vesicle

Fluid filled raised

- < 5mm

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Wheal

Itchy
transient
elevated
variable blanching and erythema
dermal edema

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Scale

epidermal thickening
flakes
compacted layers

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Crust

-dried serum or exudate

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Fissure

-crack or split

As a clinician what is important to do regarding skin lesions?

write a description of a rash that you see on a client

Why is it important to write an accurate description of a skin lesion as a clinician?

When follow up occurs- another provider after you should be able to read your note and visibly see it in their head before they even see the client

What is a tip to help accurately identify skin lesions?

print off a list of skin lesions and descriptions and keep it with you at your desk

Example # 1: - Group of multiple fluid filled lesions - Each less than 5 mm - To the left chest wall, - Errathematous base - Entire rash is the size of a silver dollar, - Fluid filled lesions follow t4 and t5 dermatomes and do not cross the midline of the chest 1. What is the name of the lesion? 2. What is the Diagnosis? 3. Why do you know this is the diagnosis?

1. Vesicle 2. Shingles 3. Dermatomes and not crossing midline

What is the similarities/differences between a Vesicle, bulla and blister?

-vesicle= < 5mm -bulla>5mm blister= common name for both

What is the differences between a Vesicle, bulla and blister?

- vesicle= < 5mm | - bulla/blister= >5mm

Example # 2: - Discrete - Pus filled - Raised What is the lesion?

- Pustule

Example # 3: - Flat - Distinguished from surrounding skin color - 5 mm in diameter or less - non palpable What lesion is it?

-Macule

How are macule and papule different?

Papule is elevated/dome and palpable

Excoriation

- Traumatic lesion - breaking the epidermis - causing a raw linear area

Impetigo

One of the most common bacterial infections of the skin

Who gets Impetigo?

Primarily seen in children

Is Impetigo contagious?

Very

What is the causative organism for Impetigo?

Staph aureus

Progression of impetigo

- Begins as a single small macule which rapidly evolves into a larger lesion - sores rupture and ooze for a few days

What does Impetigo look like?

honey-colored crust of dried serum

Where do sores of impetigo typically form?

around the nose and mouth

Can impetigo spread to other parts of the body?

by touching the rash

How does impetigo spread?

by touching rash or using items that touched the rash

As a clinician what is important to teach parents about?

- wash hands | - do not reuse towels

How is impetigo treated

antibiotics

Uticaria

Hives

What type of reaction is urticaria classified as?

immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity reaction

Patho of urticaria

- binding of immunoglobulin E antibodies using Fc receptor to the mast cell - Antigens trigger mast cell degranulation - Dermal microvascular hyperpermeability

How can you know if you have a hive?

if you press the center it should turn white

Causes and risk factor of Urticaria

- allergens - stress/anxiety - exercise - perspiration - illness - pressure/scratching - chemicals - cold/sun - vibration

Types of Eczema dermatitis

- Allergic contact dermatitis - Atopic dermatitis - Photoeczematous Dermatitis

What causes Allergic contact dermatitis?

topical exposure to an allergen

What type of reaction causes Allergic contact dermatitis?

delayed hypersensitivity reaction

What is an example of Allergic contact dermatitis?

poison ivy dermatitis

What is Atopic dermatitis ?

- Skin with increased permeability to substances to which it is exposed - such as potential antigens

What does Atopic dermatitis | look like?

- Itchy - red - swollen - cracked

Where does Atopic dermatitis commonly occur?

- knees - elbows - neck - hands - cheeks - scalp

what causes Photoeczematous Dermatitis?

Abnormal reaction to UV or visible light

What is an example of Photoeczematous Dermatitis?

a rash from photosensitivity to the sun

What does Psorasis look like?

- demarcated - pink to salmon colored - plaque - loosely adherent thick silvery-white scales

Where is Psoriasis typically found?

- elbows - knees - scalp

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Duration

- Psoriasis: Chronic/lifelong | - Eczema: Comes and goes

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Population

- Psoriasis: Adults | - Eczema: Children

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Cause

- Psoriasis: Hereditary | - Eczema: Environmental

Psoriasis vs. Eczema: Characteristic feature

- Psoriasis: thick, silvery scales | - Eczema: red, inflamed skin

Keloid

A tumor-like mass

Why does a keloid form?

abnormal/overgrowth in scar tissue repair of the injured skin

Who had this growing up

EC elbow after accident

Who is more prone to getting keloids?

african americans

Cause of keloids

genetic factor involved

Nevi

mole

Dysplastic Nevi

- larger than most acquired nevi | - have a tendency to occur on body surfaces exposed and not exposed to the sun

What is important to remember about Familial Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome?

Associated with increased lifetime risk of developing melanoma

Basal Cell Carcinoma

Usually non-metastatic tumor

Who gets Basal Cell Carcinoma?

Commonly found on light skinned people with history of sun exposure

Appearance of Basal Cell Carcinoma

Pearly papule with telangiesctasia

Location of Basal Cell Carcinoma

Frequently seen on the head/face and neck

Which layer are basal cells found on?

bottom layer of the 5 sublayers of epidermis

Patho of Basal Cell Carcinoma

- Bottom layer of the 5 sublayers of epidermis - This is where cells grow and divide to replace the cells on the outermost layer that are constantly shedding - In turn these cells become flatter when moving up tot he surface which is when they become squamous cells

What condition can Basal Cell Carcinoma resemble?

eczema

Telangiectasia

essentially spider veins

What is Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Hyperkeratotic lesion with crusting and ulceration

is Squamous Cell Carcinoma | or basal cell carcinoma more likely to spread?

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Who gets Squamous Cell Carcinoma?

Commonly found on light skinned people with history of sun exposure

Where is Squamous Cell Carcinoma formed?

the outermost sublayer of the epidermis

Is Squamous Cell Carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma more important to identify? Why?

- Squamous Cell Carcinoma | - Can be fatal

Melanoma

Skin cancer

What is more deadly: Squamous Cell Carcinoma or Melanoma?

Melanoma

How is Melanoma treated?

Surgically

What is the most important clinical sign of melanoma?

change in the color or size of a pigmented lesion

ABCs of Melanoma

``` A- asymmetrical shape B -boarder irregular C- color (multiple) D- diameter (>6mm) E- evolution (or change) ```

Skin Flashcards

(92 cards)