skull

Question 1

tmj joint (2)

Answer 1

1. articulation of condyle of mandible and articulating surface of temporal bone
2. bi-concave disc that seperates into upper and lower TMJ

Question 2

tmj- type of joint and movements (4)

Answer 2

1. modified hinge joint
   x axis:
2. opening jaw = mandibular depression (some protraction)
3. closing jaw = mandibular elevation (some retraction)
4. upper TMJ = protraction/ retraction and lateral deviation

Question 3

cervical spine joints (3)

Answer 3

1. AO joint- occipital condyles with C1
2. AA joint - C1 (axis) with C2 (atlanto)
3. C2->C7

Question 4

C2-C7 joints (3)

Answer 4

1. facet joints= zyagopophsyeal joints
2. diarthrodial, planar joints => tri-axial/ moving in all directions
3. concave inferior facet (of top v) is articulating with convex facet of lower vertebrae

Question 5

normal ROM for cervical spine joints

Answer 5

1. flex/extend (x)- 50-60’/70’
2. lateral rotation (z) - 45’
3. rotation (y)- 70’

Question 6

AA joint (2- type and movement)

Answer 6

1. uniaxial/ pivot joint

2. does rotation

Question 7

AO joint (2- type and 2 movements)

Answer 7

1. biaxial condyloid

2. flex/extend and lateral rotation

Question 8

contribution of c-spine joints to movement (6)

Answer 8

flexion:
1. 1st 5'= AO joint
2. rest- C2-C7
extend:
3. 10-15'- AO joint
4. rest- 2 -> C7 as you go further into extension
rotation:
5. first 40-45'- AA joint
6. rest C2->C7

Question 9

TMJ muscles-muscles of mastication (2)

Answer 9

1. temporalis muscle
2. masseter muscle
   these two close TMJ = elevate

Question 10

temporalis muscle (2) (2movements and plapation)

Answer 10

1. retraction and mandibular elevation

2. feel when chewing gum

Question 11

massiter muscle (movement)

Answer 11

1. protractor

Question 12

internal ptygeroid (medial) (2+3 movements)

Answer 12

1. deep to massiter
2. palpable inside mouth
3. protractor, elevator, contra-lateral deviation

Question 13

external/ lateral ptygeroid (3)

Answer 13

1. 2 heads
2. too close to axis so not elevator or depressor
3. protractor, contra-lateral deviator

Question 14

TMJ depressors (5)

Answer 14

1. suprahyoid
2. hyoid
3. mylohyoid
4. geniohyoid
5. digastric

Question 15

syngergy around hyoid

Answer 15

1. infra and suprahyoid have synergizing energry on hyoid

Question 16

SCM (4 movements)

Answer 16

1. flexor of cervical spine
2. extensor at AO (because behind axios of AO joint)
3. lat flexion
4. contralateral rotation