Skull-Wilson

Question 1

What are the 8 bones of the neurocranium?

Answer 1

Temporal (2)
Parietal (2)
Frontal (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Ethmoid (1)
Occipital (1)

Question 2

Coronal suture

Answer 2

separates parietal and frontal

Question 3

sagittal suture

Answer 3

??

Question 4

lambdoid suture

Answer 4

???

Question 5

bregma

lambda

Answer 5

can use stereotactic coordinates to do neurosurgery

Question 6

parietal foramen

Answer 6

emissary vein: veins that go through the skull from the scalp and skin to communicate with meninges

• potential sites for the spread of infection
• they are valveless

Question 7

skull at birth

Answer 7

same bone BUT

• 2 frontal bones (frontal suture which disappears in adult)
• anterior fontanelle (bregma); a soft spot in the baby’s skull
• posterior fontanelle (lambda)

these fontanella allow the brain to grow and expand and the skull can expand with hte brain

Question 8

Premature fusion of the anterior and posterior fontanelle sutures

Answer 8

scaphocephaly: premature closure of the sagittal suture
acrocephaly: premature closure of coronal and lambdoid sutures; skull extends upwardly

can result in mental retardation

Question 9

What is found in the anterior cranial fossa?

Answer 9

????

Question 10

What is found in the posterior cranial fossa?

Answer 10

brainstem and ???

Question 11

What is found in the middle cranial fossa?

Answer 11

temporal lobe of brain

Question 12

3 bones of anterior cranial fossa

Answer 12

-frontal bone
2 frontal sinuses which can get infected and causes sinus headaches
-orbital plate: dome shaped; forms the roof
-sphenoid bone (lesser wing)

• ethmoid
• anterior clinoid process: attachment for the dural mater and dural reflection
• crista galli: cone of the rooster
• cribriform plate: CN I (olfactory nerve) goes from the brain and innervate the olfactory mucosa of the nasal cavity (nerves for smelling)

foramen cecum: an opening through which an emissary vein passes through

Question 13

Transorbital lobotomy

Answer 13

altering people’s behavior typically if they are unruly, aggressive, antisocial

-a simplified version of the prefrontal operation

Question 14

bones in the middle cranial fossa

Answer 14

2 bones;
-sphenoid bone (greater wing)
BODY
-sella turcica: the pituitary
-chiasmatic??? groove: 2 optic nerve come together at the optic chiasm
pituitary swelling will affect optic nerve
-posterior clinoid process

• squamous bone???
• petrous temporal bone (one of the densest bone in the body); vestibulocochlear apparatus is embedded in this bone; facial nerve travels through this bone (is often one of the places the facial nerve is damaged)

Question 15

optic canal

Answer 15

when CN II travels

Question 16

superior orbital fissure

Answer 16

crack where the CN III, IV, V1, and VI, travels

Question 17

foramen rotundum

Answer 17

V2 (trigeminal nerve)

Question 18

foramen ovale

Answer 18

V3

Question 19

foramen spinosum

Answer 19

middle meningeal artery: artery that supplies the meninges

Question 20

carotid canal

Answer 20

exit point of the carotid canal
where the internal carotid artery gains access to the brain

internal carotid artery enters the carotid canal medial to the styloid process

Question 21

foramen lacerum

Answer 21

????
opening under carotid canal

no clinical significance

Question 22

Posterior cranial fossa

Answer 22

3 bones:

• dorsum sellae
• petrous temporal bone
• occipital bone
• clivus
• foramen magnum

-internal occipital protuberance

groove for transverse sinus: venous sinus carrying blood away from brain to heart

groove for sigmoid sinus: jugular foramen

cerebellar fossa: hemispheres sit on this fossa NOT the vermis

internal acoustic meatus: where CN VII, VIII to enter the petrous temporal bone

jugular foramen: directly below the internal acoustic meatus; internal jugular vein goes through this

CN IX, X, XI (accessory nerve)

CN XI: roots of this nerve is found in the SC: they are lateral roots that go through the foramen magnum and exit through the jugular foramen; jugular foramen syndrome

hypoglossal canal: VII, VIII, IX, X, XI

Question 23

Arnold Chiari Malformation

Answer 23

Type I: cerebellar fossa is very flat and the cerebellum has nowhere to sit and herniates through the foramen magnum

Question 24

superior nuchal line

Answer 24

trapezius

SCM attach to

Question 25

foramen magnum

Answer 25

accessory nerve and ???

Question 26

stylomastoid foramen

Answer 26

CN VII (facial nerve) exits the skull through here to reach the muscles of facial expression

Question 27

Zygomatic process of the temporal bone

Answer 27

????

Question 28

mandibular fossa | articular eminence

Answer 28

condyle slides back and forth btw the fossa and eminence

Question 29

occipital condyle forming joint with atlas

Answer 29

???

Question 30

condylar canal (hypoglossal canal is more anterior)

Answer 30

???

Question 31

the facial canal

Answer 31

CN VII as a long course which is completely surrounded by bone which means if there is swelling of CN VII or facial canal you get compression of CN VII--> Bell's palsy

Question 32

lateral view of skull

Answer 32

``` BONES -frontal bone -sphenoid bone (greater wing) -parietal bone -temporal bone squamous portion mastoid process zygomatic process ``` zygomatic bone is part of viscerocranium NOT a bone of the neurocranium -superior temporal line and zygomatic bone form the temporal fossa: includes the pterion where the bones of the skull have an intersection pterion (THIN): intersection of temporal parietal, zygomatic, and frontal bone groove for the middle meningeal artery: if you fx the skull at the pterion this vessel will be most likely damaged and you get bleeding (EPIDURAL HEMATOMA) as the blood gets larger you get compression on the cortex and the incus herniates putting pressure on the ?????

Question 33

infratemporal fossa

Answer 33

- area of the skull medial to the ramus of the mandible - btw the axilla and the styloid process - will find the pterygoid process and thus find the medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Question 34

space between pterygoid process and maxilla

Answer 34

pterygomaxillary fissure

Question 35

what foramen from the middle cranial fossa opens up into the pterygopalatine fossa?

Answer 35

foramen rotundum

Question 36

VISCERAL CRANIUM | 14 Bones

Answer 36

``` zygomatic (2) maxilla (2) nasal (2) palatine (2) lacrimal (2) inferior nasal concha (2) mandible (1) vomer (1) ```

Question 37

maxilla

Answer 37

has several process - frontal process - zygomatic process - alveolar margin: need to have teeth to have this margin; if teeth is removed the margin is reabsorbed

Question 38

supraorbital foramen infraorbital foramen mental foramen

Answer 38

where V1, V2, V3 terminates into the face

Question 39

Mandible

Answer 39

``` angle of mandible condyle neck of condyle ramus of mandible ramus process: -interiorly the coronoid process -posteriorly: condylar process ``` mandibular notch

Question 40

mandibular foramen

Answer 40

nerve that provides sensory innervation to all of the teeth

Question 41

?????

Answer 41

for the NVB of the mylohyoid nerve which innervates ??????

Question 42

mylohyoid muscle

Answer 42

forms the floor of the mouth

Question 43

hard palate

Answer 43

made up of 2 bones: - most is maxilla - horizontal process of the palatine bone - incisive canal - greater palatine foramen - lesser palatine foramen - primary palate fuses with a secondary palate

Question 44

orbital bones

Answer 44

- lacrimal bone - roof is the orbital plate - laterally: sphenoid greater wing (can see this from a lot of angles) - maxillary orbital surface - infraorbital foramen where V2 becomes cutaneous in the middle of the face - nasolacrimal canal: constantly recycling tears; communication between orbital and nasal canal on the medial wall: anterior and posterior ethmoid foramen: where the vein and arteroes run????? inferior orbital fissure, groove & canal: where the infraorbital nerve travel through the floor of the mouth

Question 45

Nasal cavity

Answer 45

- perpendicular plate of the ethmoid - ethmoid is PART OF THE NEUROCRANIUM but has processes that run to the viscrocranium turn the head over - vomer - choana (posterior nares) - medial/lateral pterygoid plate

Question 46

nasal septum formed by

Answer 46

-vomer (plow; forms the bath) -perpendicular plate of the ethmoid cartilage??????

Question 47

lateral nasal wall

Answer 47

ethmoid bone forming the middle????