- a period of rest
- keeps us healthy and functioning well and lets your body and brain repair, restore, and reenergize
- Important for restoring physical and mental health. It refreshes the mind and repairs the body.
sleep
Records Brain Waves/ Brain Activity
Electrocephalogram (EEG)
monitors eye movement
Electro-oculogram (EOG)
monitors muscle activity
Neck Electromyogram
the EEG of a normal person shows two basic patterns of activity: alpha activity and beta activity
wakefulness
- consists of regular, consist of wave frequency of 8-12 Hz
- The brain produces this activity when a person is resting quietly, not particularly aroused or excited and not engaged in strenuous mental activity
alpha activity
- consists of irregular, mostly wave frequency of 13–30 Hz
- shows desynchrony
- Desynchronized activity occurs when a person is alert and attentive to events in the environment or is thinking actively
beta activity
- Sleep is the changeover from wakefulness to sleep
- marked by the presence of some theta activity
stage 1
During this short period (lasting several minutes) of relatively light sleep, your heartbeat, breathing, and eye movements slow, and your muscles relax with occasional twitches. Your brain waves begin to slow from their daytime wakefulness patterns
stage 1
- Occurs 10 minutes later after stage 1.
- Contains periods of theta activity, sleep spindles and K complexes.
stage 2
- short bursts of waves of 12–14 Hz that occur between two and five times a minute during sleep
- they appear to play a role in consolidation of memories
sleep spindles
sudden, sharp waveforms, associated temporary inhibition of neuronal firing
k complexes
- Referred to as Slow- wave sleep
- signaled by the occurrence of high-amplitude delta activity
stage 3 & 4
contains 20–50 percent delta activity
stage 3
contains more than 50 percent of delta activity
stage 4
period of inhibition during which neurons in the neocortex are absolutely silent
down state
period of excitation during which these neurons briefly fire at a high rate
up state
- Characterized by the rapid movements of eyes.
- EMG is Silent meaning there is a temporary muscle paralysis during this stage.
- Dreaming
REM sleep
REM sleep
- EEG desynchrony (rapid, irregular waves)
- lack of muscle tonus
- rapid eye movements
- penile erection or vaginal secretion
- dreams
slow-wave sleep
- EEG synchrony (slow waves)
- moderate muscle tonus
- slow or absent eye movements
- lack of genital activity
are associated with dreams containing sexual content
penile and clitoral erection
being awake disrupts the homeostasis (internal physiological stability) of the body in some way and sleep is required to restore it
recuperation theory
- Also called as evolutionary theory
- This suggests that inactivity at night is an adaptation that served a survival function by keeping organisms out of harm’s way at times when they would be particularly vulnerable
adaptation theory
a study by Horne regarding sleep deprivation
- Sleep Deprivation doesn’t interfere peoples ability to perform Physical exercise.
- Sleep Deprivation affect peoples cognitive abilities. Human subject are having hallucinations and had have trouble in concentrations especially when performing mental task
