1
Q
What is Sleep?
A
Defined as a natural and reversible state of reduced responsiveness to external stimuli.
2
Q
Two core sleep stages
A
- Slow wave sleep (SWS)
- Rapid eye movement (REM)
3
Q
Slow wave sleep
A
Hallmarked by slow high amplitude EEG oscillations
- generated in the prefrontal cortex
4
Q
REM
A
- Characterized by wake like fast and low-amplitude oscillatory brain activity
- Like the person is awake but are not.
- Accounts for 20-50% of total sleep time.
- Generated in the brain stem with PGO waves
5
Q
Laad 1892
A
- First to notice peoples eye movements in their sleep
- Hypothesized that they were watching their dreams but this was disproved
6
Q
Sleep spindles
A
- can occur in response to stimulation but also occur regularly and may be linked to memory consolidation
- key elements in the reduced sensory responsiveness during sleep
7
Q
REM sleep memory consolidaiton
A
- Theta waves are found in the hippocampus during REM sleep
- seems to be associated with memory consolidation
8
Q
areas of the brain involved in sleep
A
- hippocampus
- individuals with difficulty sleeping had damage to anterior region
- individuals with difficulty staying awake - damage to posterior region
9
Q
REM sleep purposes
A
- memory consolidation
- development - mammals born with a lot of development need more REM sleep than those born with not a lot of development
- mono amine regulation
10
Q
biological functions of sleep - Xie 2013
A
- sleep drives metabolite clearance from the adult brain
- beta-amyloid (which is liked to AD) is cleared 2x faster in sleeping mice
- sleep is restorative
