Sleep

Question 1

The Master body clock for sleep wake schedule

Answer 1

SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS OF HYPOTHALAMUS

Question 2

Stages of Sleep

Answer 2

Stage I → drowsy; will startle awake
Stage II → light sleep
Stage III and IV → slow wave/deep sleep: regenerative sleep: body is making mRNA and NT’s for next day

REM (Stage V) → rapid eye movements, restores your psyche

• Dreaming
• No memories of dream process formed
• Cognitive cortex off line
• Muscle paralysis (atonia) except rapid eye movements
• IMPORTANT FOR LEARNING

Question 3

Sleep in Aging

Answer 3

• longer sleep latency (longer time to fall asleep)
• decreased total sleep time
• decreased slow wave/regenerative sleep
• increased fragmentation: difficulty keeping sleep consolidated into one nocturnal period.
• advanced sleep phase: tendency to go to sleep earlier and wake up earlier

Question 4

Hormone that regulates fat storage

Answer 4

LEPTIN

• Counteracts feeding stimulants, and promotes appetite suppression
• leptin is regulated in part by how much sleep we get (more sleep, more leptin release)

Question 5

Hormone that Stimulates Appetite/Feeding

Answer 5

GHRELIN

Question 6

Process S

Answer 6

• Building sleep debt

- How many hours you’ve been awake

Question 7

Process C

Answer 7

• Day – night cycle
• Clock-dependent alertness
• Can trick it: Light cues the body to stay awake
• TIMING OF SLEEP IS DETERMINED BY WAKE-UP TIME

Question 8

Retino-hypothalamic Pathway

Answer 8

• Receptor = retinal ganglion cells
• Secretes melatonin
• Connects to Suprachiasmatic nucleus
• Aligns brain clock to day-night cycle
  (Process C = clock dependent alertness)

Question 9

Melatonin

Answer 9

• Onset of melatonin secretion is 8-10 hours post wake-up

- suppresses the SCN (clock dependent alertness) allowing us to manifest our sleep debt and fall asleep

Question 10

Narcolepsy (defined by clinical tetrad)

Answer 10

Serious, chronic neurological disorder characterized by:

1. excessive sleepiness
2. sleep paralysis
3. hypnogogic hallucination: transitional state to and from sleep
4. cataplexy: linking emotions to weakness
5. fragmentation of sleep

Due to deficiency in the neurotransmitter HYPOCRETIN

Question 11

REM Sleep Behavioral Disorder

Answer 11

• Failure of normal REM atonia
• Dream enactment behaviors
• Potential nocturnal injury
• Males > females
• > age 50