sleep lecture

Question 1

define sleep apnea

Answer 1

repeated episodes of complete cessation of airflow for 10 seconds

-obstructive (upper airway obstruction)
-central (lack of vent effort)

Question 2

who is at risk of OSA

Answer 2

1. obesity
   2.tonsillar hypertrophy
   3.small or recessed chin
   4.nasal trauma/deviated septum
   5.genetic disposition
   6.military

Question 3

causes of Central sleep apnea

Answer 3

1. muscular dystrophy
   2.guillain barre
2. als
3. cardiovascular disease
4. cogential abnormalities

Question 4

define what Apnea-hypopnea index is

Answer 4

total number of apneas or hypopneas/ total number of sleep time

AHI: 5-15 mild apnea
AHI: 15-30 mod sleep apnea
AHI: 30 severe sleep apnea

AHI<5 normal

Question 5

treatments

Answer 5

1. behavioral changes:
   weight loss
   avoid alcohol
   sedatives and hypnotics
2. position therapy

3.BIPAP/CPAP

3. oral appliance and meds
4. surgery

Question 6

what is the gold standard method of diagnosing OSA

Answer 6

polysomnogram

Question 7

consequences of untreated OSA

Answer 7

1. cardiopulmonary
   Nocturnal arrhythmia
   diurnal hypertension
   pulmonary hypertension
   right or left ventricular failure
   mi
   stroke
2. neurobehavioral
   daytime sleepiness
   diminished quality of life
   adverse personality change
3. metabolic
   insulin resistance
   altered lipid metabolism