What is sleep phenomena and who is it more common in?
Any observable experiences which occur during sleep
More common in childhood + early adolescence
What are nightmares and when do they occur?
- bad/frightening dreams
- good recall of experience
- able to calm down and return to sleep
-occurs in REM sleep
(^children ^females)
What are night terrors?
When do they occur?
Physiological changes?
Afterwards?
- sudden awakening in extremely distressed state
- may wake screaming, wake in a state of panic, terrified expression, dilated pupils,
- little or no recollection after event
- ^ HR + irregular breathing
- occurs in stage 3+4 NREM only
- after= speak incorrectly, panic + difficult to console
Differences b/w nightmare + night terror?
- nightmares= ^ frequent + ^ likely to be remembered
- night terrors= ^ upsetting
- nightmares ^ likely in REM / night terrors = stage 4 NREM
Similarity b/w night mares + night terrors
- occurs during sleep
- associated with fear response
- ^ likely in children
What is a sleep disorder?
-any sleep problem that disrupts the normal NREM-REM sleep cycle
What are the 2 types of sleep disorders?
- Dyssomnia = characterised by consistent problems w falling asleep, staying asleep or timing sleep
- Parasomnias= involves engaging in abnormal activities/tasks while initiating sleep/during sleep
What is sleep walking?
When does it occur?
How long does it go to?
- while asleep conducting routine activities asleep
- difficult to wake
- speech often incoherent; poor coordination
- parasomnia
- occurs in stage 3 + 4 NREM sleep
- duration= 5-15mins
What is somniloquism?
- verbalising during sleep
- NREM + REM sleep
- very common
What is somniloquism?
- verbalising during sleep
- NREM + REM sleep
- very common
What is insomnia and what are it’s symptoms?
-sleep onset = can’t get to sleep
-sleep maintenance = can’t stay asleep
Symptoms:
- X sleeping after trying for 30mins
- waking periods <30mins
- consistently v amount of total sleep
What are the types of insomnia and what is the treatment?
Psychological: stress, fear or anxiety
Physiological: pain, alcohol or drug use
Treatment: -medication (short term)
- dealing w underlying cause
- exercise + developing behavioural routines
What is hypersomnia and what is the treatment?
- involves excessive sleepiness when awake/ sleep of excessive duration
- 12hours/ more sleep per day
- causes: insomnia, depression, substance abuse, sleep apnoea
- treatment: eliminate underlying causes
What is sleep apnoea and what are it’s symptoms?
-temporary suspension in breathing + ends in a loud snore, body jerk or arm flinging
Symptoms: feeling chronically tired during the day, decline in attention + learning abilities
What are the causes of sleep apnoea and what are it’s treatments?
Causes:- failure of ‘breathing centres’ of the brain
- narrowing of the airway
- chemical deficits in the brain
Treatment:
- devices to clear airways (CPAP)
- surgery
- dental splints
