Psychiatry > Sleep-Wake Disorders > Flashcards

Sleep-Wake Disorders Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Generally, what are the 2 stages of sleep?

A

NREM and REM

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2
Q

In order to remember the stages of sleep (awake with eyes open, awake with eyes close, N1, N2, N3, and REM), what do bats do at night?

A

BATS Drink Blood

Awake with eyes open- Beta
Awake with eyes close- Alpha
N1- Theta
N2- Sleep spindles and K complexes
N3- Delta
REM- Beta
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3
Q

True or False: REM sleep is characterized by slowing of the EEG rhythms, high muscle tone, no eye movmenets, and no “thoughtlike” mental activity.

A

False

Thats NREM

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4
Q

Which stage of sleep is chracterized by dreaming, loss of motor tone, possible memory processing function, erections, and increased brain O2 use?

A

REM

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5
Q

This is the transition from wakefullness to sleep.

A

Hypnagogic

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6
Q

This is the transition from sleep to wakefullness

A

Hypnopomic

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7
Q

True or False: the entire body is affected by sleep deprivation.

A

False

Only the cerebral cortex is mainly affected, but it can cope

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8
Q

What % of lost sleep is made up?

A

1/3

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9
Q

If you’ve only slept for ____ hours, you function at the level of someone who is legally drunk

A

5

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10
Q

In sleep deprivation, what happens to the following measures?

Lymphocyte levels
Cortisol levels
BP
Glucose tolerance
Amygdala activation
Prefrontal cortical activity
Mood
A 
Lymphocyte levels ↓
Cortisol levels ↑
BP ↑
Glucose tolerance ↓
Amygdala activation ↑
Prefrontal cortical activity ↓
Mood ↓
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11
Q

In both kids and adults, REM sleep increases after what activity?

A

Learning

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12
Q

What sort of tasks are impaired if u dont get REM sleep?

A

Complex ones

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13
Q

During the first 3 hours of sleep, what happens to the levels of the following hormones?

HGH
PRL
D
5-HT
TSH
A 
HGH ↑
PRL ↑
D ↓
5-HT ↑
TSH ↓
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14
Q

What is the total sleep time/24 hours for the following ages?

Neonate
1 yr
10 yr
13-16 yr

A

Neonate: 16-18hr
1 yr: 12hr
10 yr: 10hr
13-16 yr: 8hr

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15
Q

What is the # of sleep periods/24 hours for the following ages?

Neonate
1-2yr
5-10yr

A

Neonate: 6-9yr
1-2yr: 2-3
5-10yr: 1

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16
Q

What stage of sleep vanishes in the elderly?

A

Stage 4

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17
Q

This is the condition where there is a predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity, and has problems initiation, maintaining, or waking from sleep.

A

Insomnia

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18
Q

Insomnia has to happen for at least 3 nights/week for how many months to be diagnostic?

A

3 months

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19
Q

This is the condition where there is an excessive quantity of sleep, deteriorated quality of wakefulness, and sleep inertia.

A

Hypersomnolence

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20
Q

This is the condition where there is recurrent periods of irrepressible need to sleep, lapsing into sleep, or napping occuring within the same day.

A

Narcolepsy

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21
Q

In narcolepsy, what is it called when there is brief episodes of sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone, precipitated by laughter or joking, of by jaw opening and tongue thrusting?

22
Q

What proteins, made by the lateral hypothalamus, are decreased in the CSF in narcoleptic patients?

Study These Flashcards
A

Hypocretin-1 (orexin A)

23
Q

Say for instance a patient has excessive daytime sleepiness and you’re trying to figure out if it’s narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea, what clues about morning “refresh” are caracteristic of obstrcutive sleep apnea?

Study These Flashcards
A

Obstructive sleep apnea do not feel refreshed in the morning.

24
Q

What is the main testing method to diagnose obstructive sleep apnea?

Study These Flashcards
A

Polysomnography

25
What is the condition characterized by repeated episodes of apneas and hypopneas during sleep caused by variability in respiratory effort but WITHOUT evidence of airway obstruction?
Idiopathic CENTRAL sleep apnea
26
What is the breathing pattern in central sleep apnea, characterized by a pattern on periodic crescendo-decrescendo variation in TV of at least 5 events per hour?
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
27
What class of meds can cause goofy nighttime sleep patterns because of their effect on the medulla?
Opioids
28
What are the 3 main causes of sleep-related hypoventilation?
1. Idiopathic 2. Congenital 3. Comorbid to neuro/pulm/fat disorders
29
This is the condition where there is a persistent or recurrent pattenr of sleep disruption that is primarily due to an alteration of the circadian system or to a malalignment between the endogenous circadian rhythm and the sleep-wake schedule. like a kid going to bed at 3am and going to school at 8 and is tired all day but fine on the weekends.
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder
30
What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by a history of a delay in the timing of the major sleep period in relation to the desired sleep and wake-up time.
Delayed sleep phase type
31
What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by familial ties (AD) to sleep-wake times that are several hours earliet than desired or conventional times.
Advanced sleep phase type
32
What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by insomnia at night and excessive sleepiness during the day?
Irregular sleep wake type
33
What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness related to abnormal syndronization between the 24-hour light-dark cycle and endogenous circadian rhythm?
non-24 sleep-wake type
34
What sleep phase type of circadian rhythm disorder is characterized by people working in the night?
Shift work type
35
This is a group of disorders characterized by abnoral behavioral, experiential, or physiological events occurring in association with sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions.
Parasomnias
36
This is the Parasomnias characterized by sleepwalking and sleep terrors.
Non-REM sleep arousal disorders | putting pillows in the oven and your moms purse in the freezer
37
True or False: sleepwalking and sleep terrors are characterized by amnesia.
True
38
This is the disorder characterized by repeated occurrences of extended, extremely dysphoric, and well-remembered dreams that are scary.
Nightmare disorder
39
This is the disorder characterized by repeated episodes of arousal during sleep, associated with vocalization and/or complex motor behaviors during REM sleep.
REM sleep behavior disorder
40
This is the disorder where you turn into Ursula or some sort of amoebic tweaking monkey during sleep and cant stop your legs from going ape shit.
Restless legs syndrome
41
Will drugs that increase Dopamine increase or decrease wakefullness?
Increase wakefullness
42
Benzos will decrease what 2 stages of sleep?
REM and stage 4
43
Though booze put you to sleep and you get subsequent permanent marker art, what will EtOH do in the later half of the night?
Increase wakefulness
44
Alcohol intoxication will decrease what stage of sleep?
REM
45
Barbs will decrease what stage of sleep?
REM
46
What happens to the following factors in depression? ``` MI REM latency Stage 4 and 3 sleep Sleep periods Early morning waking Diurnal ```
``` MI ↑ REM latency ↓ Stage 4 and 3 sleep ↓ Sleep periods ↑ Early morning waking ↑ Diurnal ↑ ```
47
Which NT intiates sleep?
Serotonin
48
Which NT is higher during REM sleep (causing boners)?
Ach
49
Which NT is lower during RPM sleep?
NE
50
Which NT produces arousal and wakefulness, and rises with waking?
Dopamine | SANDman
Psychiatry
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