Slides

Question 1

Definition of DEM

Answer 1

A digital elevation model is any raster representation of a terrain surface.

Question 2

Definition of DEM (chart)

Answer 2

Digital Terrain Model:

• point elevation data
• colour shaded relief
• Contour relief
• hillshaded relief
• slope
• aspect
• gradient

Digital Surface Model:

• Terrain features
• vegitation and canopy
• man-made features

Question 3

Elevation accuracy for 1:50,000 maps

Answer 3

5 and 20m

Question 4

Canadian DEM (CDEM)

Answer 4

Horizontal Datum - NAD83

Vertical Datum - CGVD28

Question 5

plotting error is:

Answer 5

0.2mm standard deviation

Question 6

Types of maps:

Answer 6

general purpose & thematic

Question 7

purpose of a general map:

Answer 7

locate and navigate

Question 8

purpose of thematic map:

Answer 8

display by showing the spatial phenomenon or the relationship between several phenomena

Question 9

Qualitative map:

Answer 9

map the spatial distribution of similar data

Question 10

Quantitative map:

Answer 10

show spatial variations of the characteristics of a phenomenon

Question 11

A thematic map should demonstrate:

Answer 11

• likeness of symbols (describing inner relatedness)
• an emphasis on spatial variations
• integrated whole of the map design

Question 12

A general reference map should demonstrate:

Answer 12

• uniqueness of symbols
• distinction of symbols
• different classes and symbols equally importance

Question 13

Stages of map design process:

Answer 13

Stage One:
produce general design plan (type of map,size,basic layout)

Stage Two:
produce a specific graphic plan (decide which symbols etc)

Stage Three:
Produce detailed specifications for map construction

Question 14

Name and describe the SECONDARY Visual Variables

Answer 14

1. Pattern Arrangement
   - shape and configuration of basic elements
2. Pattern Orientation
   - direction arrangement
3. Pattern texture
   - size and spacing of lines

Question 15

Name and describe the PRIMARY VISUAL VARIABLES

Answer 15

1. Shape
   - can be regular or irregular geometric
2. Size
   - length, height, width, area, volume
3. Orientation
   - reference to grid
4. Colour
   - hue (wrt the visible light spectrum)
   - Value (lightness/darkness)
   - chroma( how close or far away from grey)

Question 16

Name four different types of visual contrast:

Answer 16

1. size
2. shape
3. colour
4. orientation

Question 17

Name the design principals of figure-ground map organization

Answer 17

1. differentiation
   -use different colour and texture to seperate figure from ground
   2.closed forms and good contours
   around lake or island
2. familiarity
   - well known figure needs less emphasis
3. use of details
   - names, city symbols, rivers etc
4. small size figure
   - to emerge while larger areas function as ground

Question 18

Name and describe the three types of Hierarchical organization.

Answer 18

1. Stereogrammic
   The use of figure ground principals focus the attention on particular map layers. Usually found in thematic maps
2. Extensional
   showing relative importance of objects in one theme. ex.. road system or a drainage system
3. Subdivisonal
   ex, climate zones, showing different divisions of one theme… aka canada climate zones.

Question 19

Constraints of Geospatial Reality:

Answer 19

lakes will tend to appear as figures which may be undesirable in a thematic map
complex transportational system
complex extensional

Question 20

Constraints of available data

Answer 20

old topographic or thematic maps must be georeferenced or digitized.
positional accuracy.

Question 21

Constraints of Map scale:

Answer 21

Small scale - infer a large viewing

large scale - infer a small viewing section

Question 22

Constraints of users:

Answer 22

Inexperienced users vs experienced user for symbols

Question 23

General constraints:

Answer 23

digital maps have to have less fine detailed symbols.

Question 24

What is visual balance?

Answer 24

The relative positioning of the map components with respect to each other and with respect to the visual center.

Question 25

What does visual balance depend on?

Answer 25

visual weight

Question 26

what does visual weight depend on?

Answer 26

position, size, colour, pattern and contrast.

Question 27

May layout space dimensions?

Answer 27

1.0000:1.618

Question 28

explain the geomatics design process

Answer 28

use an example. but also include the complex problem, open ended solution(many solutions , choose best), standards(existing, designed, NTS), specific needs

Question 29

Explain the National Topographic system of canada

Answer 29

``` A series of maps Basic --> 1:50000 Reconnaissance --> 1:250,000 General reference -- > 1:1,000,000 H/V Datums --> NAD83/CGVD28 UTM false easting of 500000m ```