Slideshow #3 (Research Methods)

Question 1

Two main research models in sociology?

Answer 1

Quantitative Research Model
Qualitative Research Model

Question 2

Quantitative Research Model is based on which tradition?

Answer 2

Positivist

Question 3

Seven steps in the research process for the Quantitative Model.

Answer 3

1. Defining the Problem
2. Reviewing the Literature
3. Formulating the Hypothesis
4. Selecting Research Design
5. Data Collection
6. Data Analysis
7. Developing Conclusion

Question 4

Operationalization

Answer 4

Concepts into measurable variables

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

Testable form of a proposition

Question 6

Difference between independent variable and dependent variable?

Answer 6

Independent Variable: Presumed cause
Dependent Variable: Presumed effect

Question 7

Probability Sample

Answer 7

Every member of a population has a known and nonzero change of being selected

Question 8

Main techniques for data collection in quantitative research.

Answer 8

• Experiments
• Surveys
• Field research
• Secondary sources
• Mixed methods

Question 9

Validity

Answer 9

Do results reflect reality?

Question 10

Experiments

Answer 10

Controlled artificial situation to isolate causes and measure effects

Question 11

Two types of questions used in surveys?

Answer 11

Open-ended
Closed-ended

Question 12

Field research

Answer 12

The study of social life in its natural setting; observing and interviewing where people live, work, and play

Question 13

Key principles of research ethics.

Answer 13

• Voluntary Participation
• Harm Minimization
• Right to Privacy
• Authenticity

Question 14

Casual Logic

Answer 14

Relationship between a variable leading to a consequence

Question 15

Deductive reasoning

Answer 15

Begin with general ideas & proceed to test their validity on specific cases

Question 16

Reliability

Answer 16

The degree to which procedures yield consistent results

Question 17

Inductive reasoning

Answer 17

Begin with concrete cases and proceed to identify general patterns

Question 18

Survey

Answer 18

a study, generally in the form of an interview or questionnaire, which provides information concerning how people think and act

Question 19

Observation

Answer 19

Observes a social process, but does not take part in it

Question 20

Participant Observation

Answer 20

Collecting systematic observations while being part of
the activities of the group being studied

Question 21

Ethnography

Answer 21

a detailed study of the life and activities of a group of people by researchers who may be heavily involved or live with that
group for extended periods of time

Question 22

In-depth Interview

Answer 22

an extended, unstructured or semi-structured, open-ended
interaction between an interviewer and an interviewee