1
Q
how to focus slit lamp
A
- rotate eyepieces all the way anticlockwise
- place focussing rod in position
- adjust slit to narrow beam
- rotate each eyepiece at a time clockwise until in focus
2
Q
when do we use diffuse?
A
- to see the eye + the adnexa
3
Q
how do we use diffuse?
A
- diffuser setting
- low mag (6/10)
- wide beam
- 45 degrees
4
Q
3 types of direct illumination?
A
- parallel-piped
- optic section
- concical beam
5
Q
when do we use optic section?
A
- to indicate depth of foreign objects in cornea
- anterior chamber depth
- and to localise nerve fibres, blood vessels infiltrates + cataracts
6
Q
how do we set up optic section?
A
- thin beam
- low to high mag
- varied angle of illumination
- the narrower the angle, the deeper the section will be
7
Q
when do we use parallel-piped?
A
- to see surface of cornea for corneal damage, lipid deposit + punctate keratitis
- corneal nerve fibres
8
Q
how do we set up parallel-piped?
A
- same as optic section but w a wider beam
9
Q
when do we use conical beam?
A
- to see inflammatory cells + flare in the anterior chamber
10
Q
how do we set up conical beam?
A
- circular beam
- 45-60 degrees
- medium mag
11
Q
3 types of indirect illumination?
A
- specular reflection
- retro-illumination
- sclerotic scatter
12
Q
when do we use specular reflection?
A
- to look at surface of crystalline lens
- endothelium of cornea
- and tear film (debris + flow)
13
Q
how do we use specular reflection?
A
- start w optic section
- move illumination system until bright reflection is seen from corneal surface
- angle of incidence equals angle of reflection
- medium to high mag (25/40)
- reduce angle to see deeper structures
14
Q
when do we use retro illumination?
A
- limbal blood vessels + corneal endothelium
- to see microcysts
- vacuoles
- crystalline lens opacities
- cls deposits
- vacularisation
15
Q
how do we use retro-illumination
A
- wide beam (parallel-piped)
- medium to high mag (24/40)
- create v-shape w 2 beams + place under iris
- to illuminate cornea
- grey shadow beam should show any ghost vessels, if any
16
Q
when do we use sclerotic scatter?
A
- to see corneal opacities (scars)
- corneal oedema
- foreign bodies in cornea
17
Q
how do we use sclerotic scatter?
A
- narrow beam on limbus
- low mag (6/10)
- 45 degrees
- high brightness
18
Q
when do we use tangential
A
- to view iris freckles
- tumours
- general integrity of cornea + iris
19
Q
how do we set up tangential?
A
- illumination system at almost right angle to observation system
- wide beam
- low to medium mag (10/20)
optom
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