Diffuse
- overall view of the anterior segment
- corneal scarring
- substantial infiltration or neovascularization
- edema of epithelium
- lids, eyelashes, caruncle and scleral vessels
Specular Reflection
• Precorneal fluid, mucus secretion, lipid layer, tear layer assessment, Depression of the anterior and conjunctival surface, Polymegathism
Parallelpiped
- Broad view of the anterior and posterior corneal surfaces
- Stroma
- Anterior surface irregularities
- Examine endothelium and striae formation
- General survey of eye – scars, abrasions blood vessels and fold in Descemet’s membrane
Optic Section
- Identify the following: tear layer/ contact lens, epithelium (dark line), bowman’s layer (bright line), Stroma (grey), Descemet’s membrane (thin lining), Endothelium zone (appears brighter than stroma but not as bright as tear layer)
- Shows thickening, thing and distortions
- Depth of foreign bodies or opacities
- Wide slice of stroma
- Aqueous flare
- Anterior chamber and its angle
- Examine the crystalline lens
Conical Beam
• Observe debris floating in the anterior chamber, Red blood cells, White blood cells, Granules of pigment – Aqueous Flare
Indirect Retro Illumination
- Study iris and cornea for pathology
- Opaque foreign body imbedded in the cornea (figuring out the exact spot)
- Find vesiculation of corneal epithelium
- Ghost vessels
Retro Illumination
- Scars
- Pigments
- Neovascularization
- Edema at the epithelium
- Corneal precipitation
- Microcyst
- CL deposits
Sclerotic Scatter
- Observe Central corneal clouding (corneal edema) which is best seen by this method of illumination with observation by the naked eye
- Observe the position and movement of contact lens in situ
- Observe if a disturbance of the normal transparency is present
- macula, scars, deposits or pigmented areas
What are the 3 direct focal illumination?
Conical beam, Optic section and parallelpiped
which illumination is out of click?
Sclerotic scatter and Retro illumination
Sometimes Indirect Retro Illumination
Which illumination is angled less than 45 degrees?
Optic sections, conical beam and sclerotic scatter
Which illumination is angled at 45 degrees?
Diffuse
Which illumination are angled higher than 45 degrees?
specular reflection, parallelepiped, Indirect Retro Illumination, Retro Illumination
Which Illumination would you use to check for Aquaoues Flare?
Optic Section
Which Illumination would you use to check the blood vessel in the cornea?
Parallelpiped
Which Illumination would you use to check for Oedema?
Diffuse
Which Illumination would you use to check the general overview of the cornea?
Diffuse
Which Illumination would you use to checks the tear layer?
Specular reflection
