Small Gram Negative Bacilli

Question 1

Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 1

• Bordatella pertussis
• Haemphilus influenzae
• Yersinia Pestis
• Francisella tularensis

Question 2

Bordatella pertussis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 2

• Whooping Cough/Pertussis: Convulsive, painful coughing

Stage 1: Incubation Stage: no outward symptoms
Stage 2: Catarrhal Stage: Common cold-like symptoms
Stage 3:Paroxysmal Stage: Spasmodic or convulsive coughing; ciliary escalator in lungs stop; peak of the disease
Stage 4: Convalescent Stage: Recovery

Question 3

Bordatella pertussis Characteristics
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 3

• Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
• Rod Shaped (coccobacillus)
• Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained’ penicillin-resistant
• Obligate Aerobic: microorganisms that can only live in the presence of oxygen, because they need oxygen to metabolize sugars
• High Risk for Children

Question 4

Bordetella pertussis Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 4

• Capsule (resists phagocytosis)
• Toxins

Question 5

Bordetella pertussis Portal of Entry and Exit
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 5

Respiratory Tract: Droplet transmission or inhalation; exit through coughing or snot

Question 6

Bordetella pertussis Modes of Transmission
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 6

• Direct: Droplet transmission

Question 7

Haemophilus influenzae Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 7

• Bacterial Influenzal Meningitis:
• Hib Meningitis
• Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis

Meningitis is an infection of the meninges, membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 8

Haemophilus influenzae Characteristics
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 8

• Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
• Rod Shaped (bacillus)
• Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
• Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
• Non-motile

Question 9

Haemophilus influenzae Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 9

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

Question 10

Haemophilus influenzae Portals of Entry and Exit
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 10

Respiratory Tract: Droplets or inhalation; exit through coughing or snot

Question 11

Haemophilus influenzae Modes of Transmission
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 11

Direct: Droplet transmission

Question 12

Yersinia Pestis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 12

• Bubonic Plague/Black Death: Infection of the lymphatic system; Lesions called BUBOS form
• Septicemic Plague: Infection in the blood stream
• Pneumonic Plague

Both the septicemic and pneumonic plagues can be secondary infections from the bubonic plague or be spread on their own

Question 13

Yersinia Pestis Characteristics
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 13

• Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
• Rod Shaped (bacillus)
• Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
• Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant

Question 14

Yersinia Pestis Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 14

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

Question 15

Yersinia Pestis Portals of Entry and Exit
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 15

• Broken Skin: through an infected animal bite (Bubonic Plague)
• Respiratory Tract: Droplets/coughing (Pneumonic Plague)

Question 16

Yersinia Pestis Modes of Transmission
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 16

• Direct: Droplet transmission
• Indirect: Bite from an Insect vector (rat flea) or Biological vector (an animal/rat bitten by a rat-flea)

Question 17

Francisella tularensis Diseases
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 17

• Tularemia/Rabbit Fever/Deerfly Fever
• Skin Infection
• GI Infection
• Pneumonic Infection

Question 18

Francisella tularensis Characteristics
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 18

• Small Gram-Negative Bacilli
• Rod Shaped (bacillus)
• Facultative Anaerobe: prefer oxygen but can go without it if forced to
• Gram-Negative: cell wall is thin; pink when stained; penicillin-resistant
• Non-motile

Question 19

Francisella tularensis Virulence
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 19

Capsule (resists phagocytosis)

Question 20

Francisella tularensis Portals of Entry and Exit
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 20

• Skin
• Respiratory Tract
• GI Tract

Question 21

Francisella tularensis Modes of Transmission
Small Gram-Negative Bacilli

Answer 21

• Direct: Direct Contact with animal host
• Indirect: Insect vector (deerflies, rabbit lice, ticks)
• Indirect: Ingestion
• Indirect: Airborne transmission