DT (mr cave) > Smart Materials > Flashcards

Smart Materials Flashcards

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1
Q

Advantages of thermo ceramics

A
  • High heat resistance: withstand temperatures without breaking down
  • Resistant to wear, corrosion and oxidation
  • Lighter than metals
  • Versatile
  • Keeps heat in and out
  • Can handle sudden temperature changes
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2
Q

Disadvantages of Thermo ceramics

A
  • Can break and crack under mechanical stress
  • High manufacturing costs
  • Not as flexible as metals
  • Time consuming
  • Not good at transferring heat
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3
Q

Uses of thermo ceramics

A
  • aerospace
  • exhaust system and engines
  • power plant
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4
Q

What is Thermo ceramics?

A

Materials that have excellent heat resistant properties and are designed to perform under high temperatures.

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5
Q

What are photo-chromic materials?

A

Substances that change their colour or transparency when exposed to light, typically UV.

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6
Q

Advantages of Photo-chromic materials

A
  • automatically adjust to light
  • block harmful UV rays
  • reduce glare
  • help control temperature by blocking sunlight
  • change colour (unique look)
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7
Q

Disadvantages of Photo-chromic materials

A
  • can take time to adjust between light and dark
  • may lose their effectiveness after prolonged use
  • may not get dark enough
  • expensive
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8
Q

Uses of Photo-chromic materials

A
  • Glasses lenses
  • security inks
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9
Q

What is reactive glass

A

Is a materials that changes from transparent close to transparent able to be seen through

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10
Q

Advantages of reactive glass

A
  • helps control temperature
  • can adjust for privacy
  • glass can change transparency
  • blocks UV
  • helps reduce the need for artificial lighting and climate change
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11
Q

Disadvantages of reactive glass

A
  • expensive compared to regular glass
  • technology may wear out over time
  • requires electricity to change its properties
  • not widely available
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12
Q

Uses of reactive glass

A
  • windows and skylights
  • car window and sunroofs
  • electronics
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13
Q

What is carbon fibres?

A
  • are about 5-10 micrometers in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms
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14
Q

Adavantages of carbon fibres

A
  • high stiffness
  • high tensile strength
  • low weight
  • high chemical resistance
  • high temperature tolerance
  • low thermal expansion
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15
Q

Disadvantages of carbon fibre

A
  • very expensive
  • negative impact on the environment
  • very brittle
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16
Q

What are shape memory alloys?

A
  • is an alloy that can be deformed when cold but returns to its pre-deformed shape when heated.
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17
Q

Advantages of shape memory alloys

A
  • lightweight
  • won’t fatigue over time
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18
Q

Disadvantages of shape memory alloys

A
  • expensive
  • spend time to train it
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19
Q

Examples of shape memory alloys

A
  • spectacle frames
  • heart stents
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20
Q

What is liquid crystal displays?

A

incoming light rays hit the layers of liquid crystals (black lines) and reflect back out again, with outgoing rays interfering (adding together or subtracting from one another) to produce light of a particular in this case blue.The colour of the reflected light depends on how closely the crystal layers are together.

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21
Q

Advantages of liquid crystal display

A
  • low power consumption
  • Very compact
  • Very thin
  • Adaptable
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22
Q

Disadvantages of liquid crystal displays

A
  • suffer from motion blur
  • More fragile
  • visibility affected by outdoor use
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23
Q

Uses of liquid crustal displays

A
  • televisions
  • computer monitors
  • laptops
  • smartphones
  • gaming devices
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24
Q

Thermo-chromic materials

A

some materials signal temperature changes by changing colour as they get hotter or colder

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25
Adavantages of thermo-chromic materials
- They change color with temperature, helping you see if something is hot or cold. - They make products more interesting, like in toys or clothes. - they can help save energy by controlling heat, like in windows. - They allow for cool, customisable designs - They can indicate if something is dangerously hot.
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Disadvantages of thermo-chromic materials
-They may stop working well over time, especially with heat or sunlight. - They only work within certain temperatures. - They can cost more than regular materials. - The color-changing effect may wear out. - Some may have harmful chemicals or be hard to dispose of properly. -They might not work well in extreme temperatures.
27
Uses of thermo-chromic materials
- baby thermometers - baby spoons - sports equipment - birthday cards - mood rings
28
Quantum tunnelling composites
is a composite material, composed of an insulating material (a polymer) and particles of a conducting material.
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Advantages of qtc
• Can be formed or moulded into virtually any size, thickness or shape • Durable- it has no moving parts to wear out • Mechanically strong • Can be made to withstand extreme temperatures limits • Versatile - blithe electrically and physically eg. Its range and sensitivity can be altered • Safe - the material is a contactless switch, ideal for spark free operation • Can be directly connected to standard electronic and electrical devices • The flexible polymer exhibits excellent electrical resistance change when deformed by squeezing, pulling or twisting
30
Disadvantages of Quantum tunnelling composites
- They can wear out over time - Can change with temperatures - Costly - Resistance can change slowly - Only handle a certain amount of pressure - Difficult to produce lots
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Adavantages of Pine
- Lightweight - Distinctive grain - Takes paint and stain well - Easy to work with
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Disadvantages of pine
- easily be damaged - may yellow overtime - can contain knots
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Advantages of redwood
- fairly light - aesthetically pleasing - very durable - rot proof
35
Disadvantages of redwood
- expensive - softer then other woods - susceptible to UV damage - limited availability
36
Adavantages of cedar
- natural resistance to decay - aesthetic appeal - lightweight - low maintenance
37
Disadvantages of cedar
- softness - high cost - potential to warping or splitting - limited availability
38
Advantages of larch
- durable - water resistant - strong - low maintenance - good workability
39
Disadvantages of larch
- susceptible to UV damage - resin bleeding - prone to shrinking and swelling - most expensive
40
Advantages of MDF
- smooth surface - affordable - versatile - easy to work with
41
Disadvantages of MDF
- not very durable - can swell or water damaged - heavy - not strong
42
Advantages of chipboards
- cheap - lightweight - eco friendly - easy to cut
43
Disadvantages of chipboard
- not durable - can swell - weak
44
Advantages of hardboards
- strong and durable - good to paint - affordable - versatile
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Disadvantages of hardboards
- swell with water - crack - not for heavy uses
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Adavantages of plywood
- strong and durable - easy to move - resistant to warping - cheaper than hardwoods
47
Adavantages of oak
- durable and high strength - aesthetically pleasing - versatile - resistant to decay - absorbs stain and finish well
48
Disadvantages of oak
- very heavy - high cost - prone to scratches - requires maintenance
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Adavantages of mahogany
- very aesthetically pleasing - durable - resistant to wear - resistant to decay
50
Disadvantages of mahogany
- more expensive than other hardwoods - prone to scratching - heavy - unavailable a lot - requires maintenance
51
Advantages of teak
- durable - rich and smooth grain - weather resistant - long lasting - eco friendly
52
Disadvantages of teak
- expensive - colour can fade - heavy - takes a long time to grow
53
Advantages of birch
- affordable - smooth texture - light colour - versatile - durable for everyday use
54
Disadvantages of birch
- prone to scratches - can warp - not very durable
55
Advantages of jelutong
- lightweight - smooth texture - affordable - flexible - eco friendly
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Disadvantages of jelutong
- soft - not very durable - limited availability - can warp and swell
57
Advantages of balsa
- Very light - easy to shape and cut - affordable - eco friendly
58
Disadvantages of balsa
- soft and fragile - low durability - limited use
59
What is GFRP?
Glass fibre reinforced polymer
60
Mechanical properties of GFRP
- high tensile strength - goos compressive strength - good impact resistance
61
Physical properties of GFRP
- low density - lightweight material - low thermal conductivity - low water absorption - can be susceptible to UV
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Advantages of GFRP
- lightweight - high tensile strength - corrosion-resistant - impact-resistant - low thermal conductivity - good electrical insulation
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Disadvantages of GFRP
- brittle - susceptible to UV degradation without proper treatment
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Uses of GFRP
- bridges - tunnels - buildings - jetties - sea walls - aerospace industry
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Steps of GFRP
1. Prepare materials and tools 2. Prepare mould ( apply release agent to ensure the part come out easily) 3. Cut and prep glass fibre ( cut to current sizes and shapes) 4. Mix and apply resin 5. Lay up the layers ( placing glass fibre layers into the mould, after each layer add more resin) 6. Cure the resin ( at room temperature or oven) 7. Remove part and finish( may need to trim or sand to get it to the correct shape)
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