Who reached the Cape of Good Hope in 1486?
Bartolomeu Dias (Portugal)
This opened the sea route to Asia.
What did Alfonso de Alburquerque achieve in 1511?
Arrived in Malacca to control the spice trade
This was a significant move for Portuguese influence in Southeast Asia.
Who completed the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1521?
Sebastian Del Cano (Spain)
This marked the expansion of Spanish influence to the Maluku Islands.
What significant event occurred in 1596 involving Cornelis de Hotman?
Arrived in Banten, marking Dutch contact with Indonesia
This was instrumental in establishing Dutch interests in the region.
What was established by the Dutch government in 1602?
VOC - Dutch East India Company
This was a key institution in Dutch colonial expansion.
Who was appointed as governor-general in 1808?
William Daendels (Netherlands)
His role was to strengthen Dutch rule in Indonesia.
What were the main motivations for exploration during this period?
Gold, Glory, and Gospel
This reflects the economic, political, and religious ambitions of European powers.
What significant road was constructed during Daendels’ rule?
Anyer - Panarukan road
Thousands of Indonesians were forced to work on this project.
What was the impact of the forced labor system during Daendels’ rule?
Many died during forced labor
This event symbolizes the suffering caused by colonial forced labor policies.
Fill in the blank: The Silk Road was replaced in some aspects by the _______.
Anyer - Panarukan road
True or False: The Dutch East India Company was established before 1600.
False
The VOC was established in 1602.
What was the primary purpose of the VOC when it was created in 1602?
To dominate & control spice trade in Asia, especially in Indonesia
The VOC aimed to compete with other European powers like Portugal & Spain while reducing internal competition among Dutch traders.
What does the term ‘social mobility’ refer to?
The movement of social positions either vertically or horizontally
Social mobility can include upward movement (social climbing) or downward movement (social sinking).
What is an example of social climbing?
Promotion from a managerial position to a CEO
This refers to upward movement in social status.
What is an example of social sinking?
Transition from a lawyer to a shopkeeper
This refers to downward movement in social status.
What does horizontal movement in social mobility imply?
Movement that does not affect the social rank/status
It indicates a change in position without a change in social status.
What was a requirement of the Cultivation System under Governor-General van den Bosch?
To grow export crops on 20% of their lands
This system mandated that these crops be sold to the government at low prices.
What were the consequences of the Cultivation System?
Famine, poverty, suffering
The system had severe negative impacts on the local population due to forced crop production.
What type of population pyramid indicates a fast-growing population?
Expansive Pyramid
An expansive pyramid is characterized by a broad base, indicating high birth rates and a youthful population.
What does a stationary pyramid represent?
Stable population growth
A stationary pyramid has a more uniform shape, suggesting that birth and death rates are balanced.
What type of population pyramid is associated with a shrinking or aging population?
Constrictive Pyramid
Constrictive pyramids have a narrower base, indicating lower birth rates and an increasing proportion of older individuals.
What is the primary function of Bank Sentral (BI)?
Mengatur peredaran uang dan menjaga stabilitas nilai rupiah
Bank Sentral also oversees the financial system and monetary policy of the country.
What services are provided by BPR (Bank Perkreditan Rakyat)?
Melayani kredit usaha kecil dan tidak menerima giro
BPR focuses on microfinance and small loans for rural development.
What distinguishes a bank umum from other types of banks?
Melayani jasa perbankan secara umum
Bank umum provides a wide range of banking services to the public.
