1
Q
Labov’s socioeconomic index (1966)
A
0-1 LC
2-4 WC
5-6/7-8 LMC
9 UMC
2
Q
Elements of Labov’s socioeconomic index
A
Occupation
Education
Income
3
Q
Variable studied in NYC department stores
A
Post-vocalic (r) Prestige feature ‘Fourth Floor’ Unconscious and careful response Token before a consonant and word finally
4
Q
Instances of most (r) (Labov, NYC, 1966)
A
In Saks
In careful speech
In word final position
5
Q
Labov speech community (1972)
A
Group who share evaluative language behaviour
6
Q
Romaine (1980)
A
Features found in speech of lower classes will also be found in casual speech of upper classes
7
Q
Meyerhoff (2006)
A
Careful talk is like that’s of the social class above
8
Q
Cross-over effect
A
Hypercorrection of LMC leads so an overlap
9
Q
[a:] Mugglestone (2003)
A
Variant that started as lower class now perceived to be upper class
Language And Society
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