Psychology 115 Test 4 > Social Psy. Supplemental Notes > Flashcards

Social Psy. Supplemental Notes Flashcards

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1
Q

Social context

A

People, the activities and interactions among ppl, the setting and expectations, and social norms

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2
Q

Social psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental process as a result of the effects of social variables and cognition

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3
Q

How many social roles

A

3

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4
Q

Social Roles

A

Socially defined pattern of behavior expected in a given setting or group

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5
Q

Ascribed Roles

A

Not under one’s control

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6
Q

Achieved roles

A

Obtained voluntarily

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7
Q

Role Conflict experiment

A

Zimbardo Prison Experiment

Stanford, early 70s, stimulated prison, prisoners vs. guards

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8
Q

Group Structure and Cohesion

A

In vs. out

Us vs. them

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9
Q

Norms

A

Standards of conduct for appropriate behavior

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10
Q

Social Cognition

A

Thinking

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11
Q

Attribution Theory

A

Making inferences about causes for others

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12
Q

External vs. Internal causes

A

Outside of the person vs. within(personality)

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13
Q

Making Attributions

A

Looking at consistency(internal), distinctiveness(external), and situational demands

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14
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error

A

Not always correct about others behaviors when we make inferences

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15
Q

Attitude

A

Emotionalized predisposition to respond

Belief+Emotion+Action

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16
Q

Belief

A

Thought

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17
Q

Emotion

A

Feeling

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18
Q

Action

A

Behavior, behavior potential

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19
Q

Attitude Formation

A

Not born with it, but it is developed

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20
Q

Ways Attitude is Learned

A 
Direct contact
Interaction with OThers 
Group Membership
Child Rearing
Media
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21
Q

Attitude change is determined by

A

Who says what to whom

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22
Q

Keys to Persuasion

A

Communicator=credible
Message= mood, structure, order
Audience= demographics, interests

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23
Q

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A

Inconsistency between our attitudes or between attitudes and behavior;
Grasshopper study by Zimbardo

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24
Q

Justification

A

Festinger and Carlsmith Study

The more justification, the less attitude and vice verse

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25
Reducing Cognitive Dissonance
``` Change attitude Add consonant thoughts Change the importance of dissonant thoughts Reduce amount of perceived choice Change behavior ```
26
Personal Space
Proxemics
27
Spatial Norms N.A. | How many
4
28
Intimate
0-1.5 ft. | Immediate personal space for special ppl
29
Personal
1.5-4 ft. | Friends
30
Social
4-12 ft. | Impersonal interaction, business associates
31
Public
12+ | Formal interactions, speeches, meetings
32
Conformity
Part of social influence; changes in behavior in an effort to be accepted by a group
33
The Asch Experiment
Solomon Asch Match a standard line 1/3 trials=conformed 75% conformed at least once
34
How many Group Factors
4
35
Group Sanctions
Reward for punishments
36
Group Importance
More important= more conformity
37
Size of Majority/Unanimity
If one additinal person agrees, less confomity | More unanimous more conformity
38
Implications
Indicates the power of the group
39
Compliance
A person with little or no authority makes a direct request of another
40
Foot in the Door Effect
Get first commitment and then move on to larger commitment
41
Door in the Face Effect
People refusing larger request are more likely to go along with smaller request
42
Lowball technique
Getting person committed to act and then making the terms of acting less desirable
43
Obedience
Conforming to the demands of an authority figure
44
Research experiment about obedience
Stanley Milgram; yale
45
Stanley milgrams experiment
Teacher and learner; teacher gives shocks to learner when they give a wrong answer even though the voltage is high; most went to 450 volts, and many protested but still shocked ppl
46
Affiliation
The desire to associate with others
47
Social Comparison Theory
People tend to compare their own actions to others to have self enhancement
48
Downward Comparison
Comparing yourself with a person that is lower than you
49
Upward Comparison
Contrast with a person who ranks higher than you
50
Interpersonal Attraction
Affinity for another person
51
Depends on how many factors
8
52
Physical Proximity
Nearness physical closeness
53
Frequency of contact
The more you see someone the more you like them
54
Physical attractiveness
Physical beauty
55
Halo Effect
Generalize a favorable impression to unrelated personal characteristics
56
Competence
Degree of ability or proficiency, but we also like "human"
57
Similarity
The extent to which people are alike
58
Homogamy
Tendency to marry someone who is like us in almost every way
59
Self-disclosure
Process of revealing yourself to others
60
Prejudice
Negative attitude towards a group
61
Discrimination
Legal term; mistreating a person based on their group
62
Scapegoating
Holding a person accountable for something not in their control
63
Prejudice experiments
Brown vs. Blue eyes Equal Status Contact; summer camp Superordinate goals; goals overriding lesser goals Jigsaw Classroom; superordinate goal in the classroom
64
Causes of Agression
Thanatos; death instinct Instincts; readiness to fight Biology; influence of the brain like hormones Frustration; being block from a goal
65
Aggression cues
Social learning; learning aggression by watching others Tv violence; how it goes unpunished Disinhibition; more violence less inhibition Desensitization; more exposure=less sensitivity
66
Pro social Behavior
Helping ppl
67
Bystander Apathy
Unwillingness to help vs. intervention | More potential helpers less likelihood of being helped
68
Diffusion of responsibility
Spreading responsibility reduces group helping
69
Communication Types
Assertive; getting message across without intention of harm Aggressive; getting message across with intention of harm Non-assertive; doing nothing
Psychology 115 Test 4
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