SP- Aggression

Question 1

Define aggression

Answer 1

An intent to harm, outside of the rules of the game

Question 2

What are the two types of aggression

Answer 2

Hostile aggression

Assertive behaviour

Question 3

Define assertion

Answer 3

An intent to win, within the rules of the game

Question 4

Give 5 antecedents of aggression

Answer 4

• Nature of the game
• Displaced aggression
• Perceived unfairness
• Frustration of poor performance
• Retaliation to an incident
• Playing in a game where there has previously been ill feeling
• Reaction to a hostile situation
• Copying behaviour of others
• Excessive pressure to win

Question 5

What are the 4 theories of aggression

Answer 5

Instinct theory
Social learning theory
Frustration aggression hypothesis
Aggression cue hypothesis

Question 6

What theory is closely linked to instinct theory

Answer 6

Trait theory

Question 7

Describe instinct theory

Answer 7

• Aggression is genetically inherited as we are biologically programmed to act aggressively in an attempt to become more dominant.
• Aggressive energy builds up, which if not released can result in spontaneous aggressive acts

Question 8

Describe social learning theory (aggression)

Answer 8

• Aggression is a learnt pattern of behaviour, acquired through reinforcement, imitation of others and cultural influences

Question 9

Describe frustration aggression hypothesis

Answer 9

An interactionist approach because frustration caused by the environment triggers the aggressive gene.
Frustration develops when goal directed behaviour is blocked.
This leads to an act of aggression, which if successful causes a release of aggression and the player feels calmer.
Should the aggressive act fail and result in a punishment, frustration builds up further.

Question 10

Describe aggression cue hypothesis

Answer 10

An interactionist theory.
Frustration due to blocked goals leads to an increase in arousal which creates a readiness for aggression. This is only triggered when an aggressive cue is present.

Question 11

What are the two types of way to control aggression

Answer 11

Cognitive

Somatic

Question 12

Give 3 cognitive techniques to control aggression

Answer 12

• Imagery
• Mental rehearsal
• Positive self-talk
• Counting to 10
• Distancing oneself from aggressive cues
• Rational thinking

Question 13

Give 3 somatic techniques to control aggression

Answer 13

• Progressive muscular relaxation
• Breathing techniques
• Biofeedback

Question 14

Give three ways coaches can help to eliminate aggression

Answer 14

• Punish aggressive behaviour e.g. yellow card
• Give player a role of responsibility
• Use non-aggressive role models
• Positively reinforce non-aggressive behaviour
• Teaching correct attribution
• Focus on task orientated goals not outcome goals