1
Q
What does DO stand for?
A
- Denomination de Origen
- equivalent to AOP, and DOC
- Each district has it’s own Consejo Regulador to monitor quality.
2
Q
What are DO Pagos?
A
- Aka Vino de Pagos
- VPs are single-estate appellations. If the VP is located within an existing DO, VP appellation requirements must be stricter than those of the larger DO. Estates may apply for a VP after 10 years of production. Wines must be estate-bottled.
3
Q
What does DOCa stand for?
A
- Denominacion de Origen Calificada
- higher that DO, similar to DOCG
- ONLY 2
- Rioja
- Priorat
4
Q
What was the first vino de Pago?
A
- Dominio de Valdepusa
- Located in Castilla-La Mancha
5
Q
Name the DOCa’s of Spain and when they were established?
A
- Rioja = 1991
- Priorat = 2009
6
Q
What does VC stand for?
A
- Vino de Calidad Con Indicacion Geografica
7
Q
What level of quality is “Vino” in Spain?
A
- The Bottom tier
- Variety and vintage may appear on the label.
8
Q
What level of quality is Vino de la Tiera (VdIT), and what is the new EU name for the category?
A
- “Vino con Indicación Geográfica Protegida”
- Above Vino, below DO
- EU reform in 2016
9
Q
What is the mid level of quality called in Spanish wine law?
A
- Vino de Calidad con Indicación Geográfica
10
Q
What is a Vino de Pago Calificado?
A
- This category exists to cover future VPs that may arise inside DOCa zones.
11
Q
How long must Joven wine age for?
A
- R/W
- “Young wine”
- Undergone little, if any oak aging
- IN rioja, Vino Joven = Generico
12
Q
How long must Crianza wines age for?
A
- Crianza Red
- 2 yrs
- with min. 6 mo. in cask
- Crianza White
- 18 mo.
- 6 mo. in cask
13
Q
How long must Reserva wines age for?
A
- Reserva Red
- 3 yrs
- min. 1 yr in oak
- Reserva White
- 2 yrs
- min. 6 mo in oak
14
Q
How long must Gran Reserva wines age for?
A
- Gran Reserva Red
- 5 yrs
- min. 18 mo in oak
- Gran Reserva White
- 4 yrs
- min. 6 mo in oak
15
Q
How do aging requirements differ in Rioja?
A
- Regular:
- Crianza
- 2 yrs
- min. 6 mo in oak
- Reserva
- 3 yrs
- Min. 1 yr in oak
- Gran Reserva
- 5 yrs
- min. 18 mo in oak
- Crianza
- RIOJA DOCA
- Crianza
- 2 yrs
- 1 yr in oak
- Reserva
- 3 yrs
- 1 year in oak
- 6 mo in bottle
- Gran Reserva
- 5 yrs
- min. 2 yrs in oak
- min. 1 yr in bottle
- Crianza
16
Q
When a wine is Noble, how long has it been aged for?
A
Min. 18 months in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
17
Q
When a wine is Anjeo, how long has it been aged for?
A
Min. 2 yrs in a cask of less than 600 L or bottle
18
Q
If a wine is labeled Viejo, how long has it been aged for?
A
Minimum 36 months and demonstrates marked oxidative character
19
Q
Which wine making regions are located in Galicia?
A
- Rias Biaxas
- Valdeorras
- Ribera Sacra
- Ribiero
- Monterrei
20
Q
What are 5 the subregions of Rias Baixas?
A
- Val Do Salnes
- Ribeira do Ulla
- O Rosal
- blending grape: Loureira
- Condado do Tea
- blending grape: Treixadura (vinho verde grape)
- Soutomaior
21
Q
What is the major grape of Rias Baixas?
A
- Albarino!
22
Q
How are the vines trained in Rias Baixas?
A
- Trained high on pergolas!
- Historically allowed farmers to plant additional crops under the vines
- including cabbage
23
Q
If a wine is labeled “Rias Baixas”, what does this indicate?
A
- The wine will be 100% varietal Albarino
24
Q
Tasting notes of Albarino
A
- Color:
- Pale to med color, with hints of gold and green
- Nose
- Aromatic with notes of lime, apple, white peach, LOTS OF PEACH. almonds, honeysuckle, orange blossom and jasmine. Sour cream. Sometimes leesy.
- Palate
- med body
- High sitrusy acidity
- Dry/ pithy mineral finish
- phenolic bitterness
- Oak absent
- “Often arived at by exlusion”
25
What types of still wine are produced in Valdeorras?
* White: 100% Godello
* Red: Mencia (min. 85%)
26
What is Galicia's primarily Red wine DO, and what do they produce?
* Ribeira Sacar
* Mencia!!
* Known for impossibly steep teraces.
* Warmer and more continental than Rias Baixas.
27
What grape varietals do you find in Galicia?
* White:
* Albarino
* Godello (Verdelho)
* Loureira
* Torrontes
* Treixadura
* Reds
* Mencia
* Caino Tinto
28
What is the primary soil type of Galicia?
Granite!
29
What river runs through and influences Galicia?
* The Mino
* in portugla = Minho
30
What is the climate of Galicia, and what are the influences?
* Maritime to Continental (Inner)
* Off the coast of the Atlantic Ocean
* Much greener and cooler than the rest of Spain
* Lush vegetation and dense forests.
* Mino River
31
Which wine making regions belong to Castilla y Leon?
* **Ribera del Duero\*\***
* **Toro\*\***
* **Rueda\*\***
* **Bierzo\*\***
* Tierra de Leon
* Arribes
* Tierra del Vino de Zamora
* Arlanza
* Cigales
32
What is the general climate of Castilla y Leon?
* Continental
* located on the Maseta Central
33
What river runs through Castilla y Leon?
* Duero River
34
What is produced in Bierzo?
* Mostly Mencia!
* light and refreshing reds
* Can be soft and fuity
* or more concentrated and powerful
* Som grenache blends here too.
35
What is the climate of Bierzo?
* Similar to Galicia
* cooler and wetter than the other Castilla y Leon DOs
* Generally, Continental
36
Do the ageing requirements differ in Ribera de Duero from the rest of Spain?
* Yes!
* They are much like Rioja, without the Mandatory bottle aging (R)
* Crianza = 2 yrs, 1 yr in oak
* Reserva = 3 yrs, 1 yr in oak
* Gran Reserva = 5 yrs, 2 in oak
37
Which producer based in Priorat first brought Bierzo recognition?
* Alvaro Palacios
* Descendientes de José Palacios
* joint project with Nephew
* Biodynamic, old vine, highly extracted mencia wines from schist soils!
38
What is the climate of Ribero del Duero?
* HOT CONTINTENTAL
39
Name three important producers in Ribera del Duero?
* Vega Sicilia
* Dominio de Pingus
* Tinto Pesquera
40
What grapes are allowed in Ribera del Duero?
* Tempranillo Dominated
* aka Tinta del Pais/ Tinto Fino
* Garnacha
* Malbec
* Merlot
* Cab Sauv
* Albillo Mayor (w)
41
What is the blend of Ribera del Duero?
* Min. 75% Tempranillo
* The rest of any other permitted grapes
* Max 5 % albillo
* added to soften the blend
42
What is the soil in Ribera del Duero?
* Silt and Clay, on alternating layers of limestone, marl and chalk
43
What style of wine reinvigorated Rueda?
* Verdejo based white wines!
44
Which producer invested in Rueda and changed the style of white wine from oxidative to fresh and crisp?
* Marques de Riscal
* Rioja Winery
* Modern wine making techniques ensure freshness and acidity.
45
What varietals are planted in Rueda?
* White
* Verdejo
* Sauv. Blanc
* Palomino
* Viura (Macabeo)
* Red
* Tempranillo
* Cab Sauv.
* Merlot
* Grenache
* Syrah
46
What is the typical blend of the wines made in Rueda?
* White
* Verdejo
* +SB, Palomino, Viura
* Red
* Min. 75% Tempranillo
47
When did Ribero del Deuro become a DO?
1982
48
What are the climate moderators of Rioja?
* Mountains
* Pyrenees to the NE
* Cantabrian Mountains to the NW
* Ebro River
* Oja Tributaries
49
What wine making regions are located within North Central Spain?
* La Rioja
* Rioja DOCa
* Narvarro
* Aragon
50
What are the 3 subzones of Rioja DOCa?
* Rioja Alta
* Rioja Alavesa
* Rioja Baja (Historically Oriental)
51
How far is Rioja from Bordeaux?
* About 200 miles
* distance from Queens to Syracuse (4 hrs by car)
52
What is the climate of Rioja?
Continental
53
What varietals are produced in Rioja?
* Red
* Tempranillo
* Grenache
* Graciano
* Mazuelo (Carinena)
* White
* Viura (Macabeo)
* Malvasia
* Garnacha Blanca
* Chardonna
* SB
* Verdejo
54
What is the traditional blend of a red Rioja?
* If not de-stemmed:
* 85%
* Tempranillo
* Mazuelo
* Garnacha
* Graciano
* The rest
* "Experimental grapes"
* ex. Cab Sauv
* If destemmed, the above moves to 95%
55
What is the primary white varietal in Rioja?
Viura
56
What is the capital city of Rioja?
Haro
57
Where in Rioja are the most famous wines found?
* Rioja Alta
* Slightly warmer, more continental
* rich iron soil
58
Which sub-region of Rioja is actually located in Basque country?
Rioja Alavesa
59
Which or Rioja's subregions is the hottest?
* Rioja baja
* farthest inland.
60
In which Rioja subregion is historically regarded as a source for garnacha?
Rioja baja
61
Taste Profile of Rioja Tempranillo
* Color
* Pale in color, brick red or garnet with bronzing rim
* Nose
* dusty, with notes of cooked strawbery, tobacco leaf, game, nuts, leather, soft spice and vanilla and coconut from American Oak
* Palate
* Med body
* Med- Acidity
* Med Alcohol
* Ripe and silky tannin
* Spicy/ savory finish.
* Compared to Ribera
* lighter in color and body, lower acidity, alochol and tannin
* Red, rather than black fruit
62
Where is 95% of cava produced?
Penedes!
63
What are the wine making regions in Catalunya?
* Penedes DO\*\*\*
* Montsant DO\*\*\*
* Priorat DOQ\*\*\*
* Alella DO
* Catalunya DO
* Cava DO\*\*\*
* Conca de Barberà DO
* Costers del Segre DO
* Empordà DO
* Pla de Bages DO
* Tarragona DO
* Terra Alta DO
64
When was Vino Espumoso de Calidad established in Rioja, and what are the laws?
* 2018
* To be labeled as such, the grapes must be hand-harvested
* entire winemaking process must take place at the same facility
* Brut Nature, Extra Brut, and Brut styles are allowed.
* Aging
* Vino Espumoso requires a minimum of 15 months lees aging
* Reserve 24 mo
* Gran Reserve 36 mo
65
Which region in Spain is a "stone's throw" away from Roussilon in france?
Catalunya!
66
What is the soil in Priorat?
* Llicorella
* a mix of black slate and quartzite, characterizes the best vineyards, requiring vines to dig deeply for water
67
What is the climate in Priorat?
* HOT Mediterranean!
* if unchecked, alcohol can reach 18%
68
Which region in Spain is the heat so extreme that wine can reach 18% alcohol if unchecked?
Priorat
69
When sparkling wine came to Spain, where did it debut?
Catalunya
70
Who brought stainless steel fermentation to Spain?
Miguel Torres - 1960s
Introduced in Catalonia
71
What are the main grapes of Priorat?
* Garnacha
* Carinena
72
How did Rene Barbier shape the future of Priorat wines?
* Wine maker for Alvaro Palacios
* Planted a mix of local and french grapes in the licorella soils in 1979
* Convinced Palacios & others to join him
* in 1989, they cooporitively produced and released the first effort
* a single red wine bottled under five different labels
* brought attention to Priorat
* Created the "Five Clos"
73
What are the "5 Clos" of Priorat?
* Clos Mogoador
* Barbier's
* Clos Dofi
* Palacios'
* Clos Erasmus
* Clos de l'Obac
* Costers del Siurana
* Clos Martinet
74
Name to important producers in Priorat?
* Rene Barbier
* Alvaro Palacios
75
What is the circular region that surrounds Priorat, and what is it known for?
* Montsant
* Known as Value Priorat
* garnacha and carinena wines
76
What are the grapes approved for Cava production?
* Recommended
* Xarel-lo
* Macabeo
* Parallada
* Authorized White
* Chardonnay
* Malvasia
* Authorized Red
* Garnacha
* Monastrel
* PN
* Trepat
77
Does Cava DO cover a region or a style?
* A Region
* Cava can be produced all over spain, provided the approved grapes are used and it is traditional method.
78
What is a gyropallet?
* A machine for riddling bottles of wine more efficiently than a human
* Takes 1 week
* VS min. 6 weeks by hand.
* Holds 504 bottles
79
T/F. Rose cava is always blended?
FALSE
* NEVER BLENDED
* Vinified into rose during fermentation
80
What are the subzones of Penedes, and what is grown there?
* Baix-Penedes
* Garnacha (Garnatxa) and Monastrell are planted here, producing high-alcohol red and rosado wines, which have replaced the sweet fortified reds popular in the past
* Medio-Penedes
* Ull de Llebre (Tempranillo) thrives here.
* Alt-Penedes
* one of Europe's highest elevation wine regions
* Parellada produced here!
81
What is the birthplace of Cava, and which subzone of Penedes is it in?
* San Sadurní d’Anoia
* Alt Penedes
82
When was Cava introduced to Spain, and by whom?
Jose Raventós of Codorníu introduced método tradicional sparkling winemaking to Spain, in 1872
83
T/F Lees Aging for Cava is the same as in Champagne?
FALSE
* Normale: 9 mo. on lees
* Reserva: 15 mo. on lees
* Gran Reserva: 30 mo. on lees
84
Who are the 2 largest Cava producers?
* Freixinet = #1
* Cordoniu = #2
85
What production method is Cava produced with?
Method traditional
86
What is Europe's largest demarcated region?
La Mancha DO
(Within the Castilla - La Mancha Region)
87
What are the top 2 planted white grapes in the world?
* Chardonnay = #1
* Airen = #2
* only found in spain, gets most of its acreage from La Mancha
* destined for distillation for brandy
88
What other names does Tempranillo go by, and where will you find those names?
1. Tinto de Toro = TORO
2. Tinto Fino/ Tinto del Pais = RIBERA DEL DUERO
3. Ull de Llibre = CATALUNYA
4. Cencibel = LA MANCHA
89
When did Phylloxera hit Spain?
Beginning of the 1900s
40-50 yrs after the French came to Spain (avoiding their own phyl crisis)
90
What are the DOs of Basque Country/ Pais Vasco?
* Getariako Txakolina,
* Bizkaiko Txakolina
* Arabako Txakolina.
91
What is the primary wine produced in Basque Country, and from what grape?
* Wines from all three DOs may be white, red, or rosado, but the white wines, produced from the native **Ondarrabi Zuri** grape, are predominant.
* Low alcohol, highly acidic, lightly efforvescent wines
92
How many DOs are located on the Canary Islands?
10!
93
What are the DOs of the Canary Islands?
* Five are located on the island of Tenerife
* La Palma
* El Hierro
* Gran Canaria
* La Gomera
* Lanzarote.
94
What is the soil type of the Canary Islands, and what is special about their viticulture?
* Volcanic Soil
* EXTREMELY OLD VINES
* Untouched by Phylloxera
* They dug holes and surrounded by walls of rocks to protect the saplings from harsh wind
