TIGER File
Topographically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing map - includes streets, railroads, zip codes, landmarks
Digital Aerial Photo
Used in GIS - down to 0.5 resolution
Digital Elevation Model
Digital data showing elevation of earth’s surface
LIDAR
Light Detection and Ranging - uses laser to provide detailed topographic info
Geodesy
Measurement of earth.
Datum
Latitude/longitude. WGS1984 and NAD1983 used in GIS typically.