1
Q
Compartmentation
A
- Contain fire & limit spread
- Fire separation, rated assemblies, etc. slow the spread of fire & smoke
- Give time for occupants to evacuate
- Provide areas of refuge
2
Q
Curtain Board
A
- AKA daft stop
- Vertical fire-resistive panel hung from ceiling immediately adjacent to opening to contain smoke from traveling up through opening
3
Q
Smoke Control for 1-story group F, S, & H, IBC
A
- Smoke & heat vents must be installed for F & S occupancies over 50,000sf
- over 15,000sf for H occupancies
4
Q
Fusible link
A
- Small piece of wire that melts at a certain temp & acts as a switch to open a vent, sprinkler head, etc.
5
Q
Wet pipe systems
A
- Kept filled with water
- System responds immediately when temperature reaches trigger point
- Flow detectors places at every sprinkler zone; connected to annunciator panel so fire department can see where sprinklers are activated
6
Q
Dry pipe system
A
- Pipes filled with compressed air/nitrogen until activated
- Can also be activated by valve connected to fire alarm
- Usually used where freezing is a concern
7
Q
Pre-action system
A
- Similar to dry pipe system, but water is allowed into system before any sprinkler head has opened
- Alarm activated, but there is a short delay to allow fire fighter response before sprinkler heads activated
- Used where water damage is a concern
8
Q
Deluge system
A
- Activate all sprinkler heads at once, regardless of where fire is detected
- All sprinkler heads kept open, pipes kept empty; fire alarm activates valves to flood system
9
Q
NFPA Fire Hazard Levels
A
- Light, Ordinary, Extra
10
Q
Light hazard level occupancies
A
- Residences
- Schools & hospitals
- Museums
- Retail, restaurants
- Auditoriums
11
Q
Light hazard level NFPA
A
- 1 sprinkler head/ 225 sf if hydraulically calculated
- 1 sprinkler head/ 200 sf otherwise
- 1 sprinkler head/ 130sf for open-wood joist ceilings
12
Q
Min sprinkler head dimensions
A
- 15ft between heads
- 7.5ft between head & wall, max
- 4 in between head & wall, min
- If vertical obstruction is more than 4”Wx24”D, must be min 3x max dim of obstruction
- Min vertical distance to be maintained
- 6” if vertical dim is 3” or less
- 30” if vertical dim is 18” or more
13
Q
Sprinkler head types
A
- Upright
- Sidewall
- Recessed head
- Flush head
- Concealed head
14
Q
ESFR
A
- Early Suppression Fire Response
- Sprinkler system spray water at high pressure and rate, intended for use at higher hazard locations
- Designed to extinguish fire while it’s small (as opposed to contain fire until fire dept. arrives)
15
Q
QRES
A
- Quick Response Early Suppression
- Similar to ESFR, but have smaller openings and designed for light-hazard occupancies
16
Q
Standpipe Class I
A
- Dry standpipe not directly connected to water supply
- 2.5” FD outlet
- Non-sprinklered Group A buildings with Occ. Loads exceeding 1,000
- Open mall buildings & underground buildings
- Stages exceeding 1,000 sf (if stage is in building with automatic sprinkler system, Class II allowed)
17
Q
Standpipe Class II
A
- Wet standpipe system directly connected to water supply
- 1.5” outlets & hoses intended for use by building occupants
18
Q
Standpipe Class III
A
- Combination system directly connected to water supply with both 1.5” and 2.5” outlets
- Located in all buildings where floor level of highest story is more than 30ft above lowest level of fire dept access or floor of lowest story is more than 30ft below highest level of fire dept access
- Exceptions: buildings & basements w/ automatic sprinkler system, open parking garages where highest floor is not more than 150ft above lowest level of fire dep access
19
Q
Class I & III hose connection locations
A
- Each side of wall adjacent to opening of horiz exit
- Every exit passageway at entrance from EP to other areas of building
- Every required stairway @ every level & intermediate landing between floors
- Covered mall buildings adjacent to each ext public entrance & exist passageway
- Open mall buildings adjacent to each public entrance
- Roofs with slopes less than 4:12
20
Q
Fire Extinguisher Class A
A
- Ordinary combustibles (paper, wood, cloth, etc)
- Water-based agents
21
Q
Fire Extinguisher Class B
A
- Flammable liquids (gasoline, solvents, paints, etc)
- Foam/ CO2/ Halogen agents to smother flames
22
Q
Fire Extinguisher Class C
A
- Electrical fires
- Contains non-conductive agents
23
Q
Fire Extinguisher Class D
A
- Combustible metals
- Dry powder extinguishing agents
24
Q
Fire Extinguisher Locations
A
- Within 75’ of all building areas
- Near cooking equipment
- Areas where flammable/ combustible liquids are stored
- Special-hazard areas
25
Other Fire Extinguishing Materials
- Halons/ Halogenated gases
- Intumescent materials
26
Candlepower Distribution Curve
- Graphic chart showing how much light is output at every angle from a luminaire
27
Types of lighting directions
- Direct lighting (mostly down)
- Semi-direct (majority down)
- Direct-indirect (equally down & up)
- General diffuse (all around, with roughly 1/2 down)
- Semi-indirect (majority up)
- Indirect (mostly up)
28
Task-ambient lighting
- General background level of illumination provided
- Separate light fixtures for individual workstations
29
SED
- Spectral Energy Distribution
- Measure of energy output at different wavelengths (colors)
30
Color temparture
- Given in Kelvins
- Temp to which a black body radiator would need to be heated to produce light of the same dominant color
- Lower temps = warmer light, 3000K-4000K for residential typically
31
CRI
- Color rendering index
- How closely to daylight does the luminaire illuminate colors
32
Illumination on surface perpendicular from light source
E = I/d²
E: illumination, footcandles
I: candlepower, candelas
d: distance from source, ft
33
Illumination on surface at angle from light source
E = Icosθ/d²
E: illumination, footcandles
I: candlepower, candelas
d: distance from source, ft
θ: angle from surface to light source
34
Coefficient of Utilization (CU)
- Scored between 0 to 1
- Fraction of total light from luminaire that reaches work surface
35
Light Loss Factor (LLF)
- Scored between 0 to 1
- Fraction of total light lost to various factors
- Lamp lumen depreciation, luminaire dirt depreciation, lamp burnout, operating voltage, etc.
36
Luminaire count formula
N = EA/Nlamps*Nlumens*CU*LLF
E: Desired illumination, footcandles
A: Area in sf
Nlamps: Lamps/luminaire
Nlumens: Lumens/lamp
37
Security Priorities
- Intrusion detection
- Access control
38
Perimeter Protection
- Devices secure entry points to secured area
- Doors, windows, skylights, ducts, service entrances, etc
- Magnetic contacts @ doors & windows
- Glass break detectors
- Window screens
- Photoelectric cells
39
Area/ Room Protection
- Detect when someone passes within device's field of coverage
- Photoelectric beams
- Infrared detectors
- Audio detectors
- Pressure sensors
- Ultrasonic detectors
- Microwave detectors
40
Object Protection
- Sense movement/ tampering with individual objects
- Capacitance proximity detectors
- Vibration detectors
- Infrared motion detectors
41
Access Control
- Restrict access to secure areas
- Card reader
- Numbered keypads
- Electric lock/ Electromagnetic lock
- Electric strike
- Biometric device
42
Ionization Detector
- Responds to combustion-ionized particles rather than to smoke
- Alerts to fire in early stages
43
Gas-Sensing Detector
- Detects combustion gases not normally in the air
- Often used with ionization detectors so both gases & particulate matters can be sensed
44
Photoelectric Sensors
- Developing fire
- Responds to light beam being obscured by smoke
- Useful where materials may produce significant amounts of smoke before bursting into flames
45
Flame Detectors
- Respond to infrared/ ultraviolet radiation given off by flames
46
Rise-of-Temp Detectors
- Sense heat & triggers alarm when specific temperature is reached
47
Panel Resonator
- Open box mounted on wall/ integrated into wall assembly which absorbs low-frequencies
- AKA bass trap
48
Cavity resonator
- Large air space with small opening
- EX: Acoustic CMU wall with narrow slits opening into cavity
49
Clear Sky
- Highly sound-absorptive ceiling
50
Acoustic Reflection
- Return of sound waves from a surface
- Useful for amplifying sound (lecture rooms, concert halls, etc)
51
Acoustic Diffusion
- Random distribution of sound from surface
52
Acoustic Diffraction
- Bending of sound waves from surface
PPD
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
-
Integration of Systems60
-
Specialty Systems52
-
Structural Fundamentals5
-
Soils & Foundations17
-
Fire Safety1
-
Connections17
-
Loads on Buildings0
-
Project Manual & Specs0
-
Building Code Requirements on Structural Design0
-
Wood Construction4
-
Steel Construction0
-
Concrete Construction0
-
Walls0
-
Lateral Forces - Wind & Earthquakes0
-
Cost Estimates0
