Specific cancers

Question 1

top 4 most prevalent cancers in KY (from highest to lowest)

Answer 1

Lung
Breast
Cervical
Colorectal

Question 2

Lungs

Answer 2

• often adv at dx
• risks are 65+, AfAm, smoke (more pack, more risk)

Question 3

Causes of lung cancer

Answer 3

asbestos, COPD, secondhand smoke, radon, arsenic, genetics, radiation

Question 4

Cig pack year calculation

Answer 4

years x PPD

Question 5

Patho of lung cancer with smoking

Answer 5

• genetic predisposition with smoke that paralyzes the cilia so smoke can’t be cleared and lesions form
• activate oncogenes
• deactivate tumor supp gene
• rapid prolif/destruction, invasion

Question 6

Types of lung cancer

Answer 6

• non-small cell lung cancer–most lungs, slow growth
• small cell lung cancer–rapid growth with quick met

Question 7

s/s of lung cancer

Answer 7

cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, fatigue, wt loss, hoarseness, chest pain
- obstructive accum of secretions in the bronchioles–PNA-like

Question 8

Paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 8

secretion of ACTH from a tumor–increases cortisol
- lung tumor can sec ACTH which resembles MSH chemically
- melanocytes are stimmed and give lung cancer patients a tanned look

Question 9

Breast cancer cause

Answer 9

overexpressed estrogen rec or overexp human epidermal growth factor (HER2)

Question 10

Risk factors for breast cancer

Answer 10

over 50, long reprod life, late meno, HRT, obese, late childbirth past 30, never preg, fam hx breast or ovarian cancer, Jewish, BRCA

Question 11

BRCA gene inc risk of which cancers?

Answer 11

breast, ovarian, colon, pan, prostate

Question 12

s/s breast cancer

Answer 12

single tumor, nontender, firm with irreg borders, swell (asymp), upper outer breast quadrant, nipple d/c, nipple or skin retraction
- peau d’orange–thickened skin
- Paget’s disease–red crusty, pruritic, tender nipple

Question 13

Breast cancer prevention

Answer 13

Mammogram yearly 45-54 for low risk then every other year at 55

Question 14

Cervical cancer risk fx

Answer 14

STD, HPV!!!!!, smoking, 2+ life sex partners, genetics, immunosupp

Question 15

Types of HPV

Answer 15

• high risk–persistent infx–cervical cancer
• low risk condyloma (genital warts) and no cancer

Question 16

Clinical course of cervical cancer

Answer 16

• long asymp period
• screen–dx with pap (q3Y) starting at age 21

Question 17

polyps

Answer 17

tumorous masses that project into the lumen

Question 18

family adenomatous polyposis

Answer 18

well-defined hereditary disorder that predisposes individual to internal polyps

Question 19

Hereditary nonpolyposis coli (HNPCC)

Answer 19

less likely to dev into cancer

Question 20

Risks for colorectal cancer

Answer 20

obese, tobacco, physically inactive, insulin resistant, dec fiber, inc animal fat, dec vit A, C, E, UC, heavy alc use

Question 21

Types of colorectal cancer

Answer 21

• HNPCC
• family adenomatous polyposis

Question 22

Sx of colorectal cancer

Answer 22

• fatigue, weak, wt loss, IDA, melena, chx in bowels, diarrhea, constipation
• hematochezia (rectal bleed)
• narrow stools