Specific Immune System

Question 1

lymphocytes overview

Answer 1

• type of agranulocyte wbcs
• make antibodies
• attack foreign cells & destroy body cells that have lost function
• large nucleus, little cytoplasm
• 3 types

Question 2

lymphocyte types (3)

Answer 2

1. B-cells
2. T-cells
3. Natural Killer Cells

Question 3

B-cells overview

Answer 3

aka bone marrow cells

• millions produced by bone marrow every day
• produce glycoprotein receptors
• when activated, produce immunoglobulins

Question 4

B-cell activation

Answer 4

• occurs when glycoprotein receptor on coat of B-cells binds with invading antigen
• once activated, B-cell becomes plasma cell

Question 5

glycoprotein receptor

Answer 5

• part of B-cells’ coat

- different types (determined genetically) bind with specific type on antigen

Question 6

antigen

Answer 6

foreign molecule recognized by immune system

Question 7

plasma cell

Answer 7

rapidly divides to produce immunoglobulins (Igs)

Question 8

immunoglobulins

Answer 8

• aka antibodies
• soluble form of glycoprotein receptor produced by rapid division of plasma cell
• bind to invading antigen, make it inactive or marks for destruction by a phagocyte

Question 9

5 types of immunoglobulins

Answer 9

IgM
IgE
IgG
IgA

IgD

Question 10

specific immune system

Answer 10

• aka adaptive immune system
• B-cells & T-cells are central to response
• takes several days to activate
• targeted & extremely effective

Question 11

memory b-cells

Answer 11

• activated B-cells that continue producing small amount of Igs after infection is over
• if that same pathogen reenters the body, memory B-cells can produce specific antibody + target it for destruction way faster!

Question 12

antibody-mediated immunity

Answer 12

• aka humoral response
• made possible by memory b-cells
• second time same pathogen enters –> faster/more targeted immune response

Question 13

T-cells

Answer 13

aka thymus dependent cells

• originate in bone marrow, mature in thymus
• work via cell-mediated immunity
• contain antigen receptors

Question 14

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 14

• local release of substances to kill pathogen/infected cell

- provided by T cells

Question 15

antigen receptors

Answer 15

• on T cells

- bind to specific glycoproteins in cell membranes

Question 16

killer T-cells

Answer 16

• attack virus or cancer infected cells

- locally release cytokines + enzymes to lyse those cells

Question 17

helper T-cells

Answer 17

• secrete substances that activate/enhance immune responses

- b-cells must interact with them in order to become activated

Question 18

natural killer cells (NK)

Answer 18

• originate in bone marrow
• seek out and destroy abnormal body cells
• highly effective vs. tumors