specimen Collection

Question 1

anatomy of the urinary tract

Answer 1

kidney ureter bladder urethra

Question 2

specimen containers what’s the most common?

Answer 2

Urine specimen container

Question 3

what should you label the container with?

Answer 3

name, date, time and test to be performed

Question 4

what to do before using a container

Answer 4

Must be clean sterile
Ensure the seal has not been broken
Fill out label correctly before sending to the lab

Question 5

most concentrated urine sample

Answer 5

first morning, urine sample is best because it is the most concentrated

Question 6

Random urine sample

Answer 6

not scheduled it is the same as clean catch but no special cleaning or midstream necessary

Question 7

clean, catch urine sample, female

Answer 7

clean skin first, then use three towels to wipe the three sections and then keep them open and start urinating and catch it midstream

Question 8

clean catch urine sample male

Answer 8

clean skin first from the top of it to the bottom and catch it midstream also

Question 9

timed urine sample

Answer 9

must be kept on ice or in refrigerator to prevent bacterial over growth

Start timing at the first void DO NOT collect the first void sample

Collect urine until the required time is up

Use dark container, some chemicals degrade in the light

Question 10

sterile urine sample

Answer 10

catheterization is the only way to get a sterile sample

You go up about 3 to 4 inches on a woman and 6 to 8 on a male

Question 11

type of urinalysis 

Answer 11

microscopic examine
Chemical examination
Physical examination

Question 12

A urinalysis what

Answer 12

most frequently performed test in medical office

Question 13

color

Answer 13

transparent over hydrated
Pale, yellow healthy
Transparent yellow normal
Dark yellow/brownish orange need more water dehydrated

Pink/red disease or tumor
Foamy kidney disease
Green/blue genetic disease

Question 14

clarity

Answer 14

clear
Slightly cloudy
Cloudy
Turbid

Question 15

odor

Answer 15

strong odor?
Fruity smell?

Question 16

volume

Answer 16

average amount for tests is 30 mL or 1 ounce
Low urine output can be a sign of kidney failure or urinary obstruction

Question 17

specific gravity

Answer 17

how concentrated the urine is

Question 18

specific gravity characteristics

Answer 18

Normal is 1.010 -1.030
hi, specific gravity may indicate dehydration or the presence of substances like protein or sugar

Question 19

urinmeter

Answer 19

lower level of meniscus

Question 20

refractometer

Answer 20

when looking through go under a light or look at window

Question 21

pH

Answer 21

normal 5.0-6.5
Neutral pH is seven urine is lower than seven so it is a little bit acidic

Question 22

glucose

Answer 22

it is found in urine when the renal threshold for glucose has been reached. It is different for each. Patient average is 180 MG/DL and it is not normally found in urine

Question 23

ketones

Answer 23

Indicates diabetes mellitus, diet, high fat, or starvation
Not normally found in urine comes from breakdown of fats

Question 24

protein

Answer 24

Renal or kidney disease makes it foamy and should not be found in urine

Question 25

blood

Answer 25

also called hematuria confirmed with microscope examination should not be found in urine

Question 26

bilirubin

Answer 26

result from degradation of hemoglobin may indicate liver disease

Question 27

urobilinogen

Answer 27

degradation of hemoglobin in the intestines by normal bacterial flora

Question 28

nitrites

Answer 28

indicate increase indicate numbers of bacteria

Question 29

leukocytes

Answer 29

pyuria increase the number of white blood cell cells. Confirm with microscope exam indicates infection.

Question 30

reagent strips

Answer 30

observe the reagent pads at the specified time periods

Question 31

how to care for reagent strips

Answer 31

protect from light Put cap on tight and quick No moisture Store at room temp No use after 60 days after opened right date on bottle

Question 32

urinalysis machine

Answer 32

do not bend Put strip in machine and it does it it’s itself

Question 33

microscopic examination of urine

Answer 33

MAs can prep the slides but not read the results

Question 34

centrifuge

Answer 34

spin for 3-5mins always balance it

Question 35

wet mount slide

Answer 35

A wet mount slide is a common slide preparation technique used to observe many types of live microorganisms. In a wet mount, the specimen is suspended in a drop of liquid (usually water) located between slide and cover glass.

Question 36

supernatant

Answer 36

after centrifuge this forms at top pour out some of it

Question 37

pellet

Answer 37

after centrifuge this forms at the bottom

Question 38

agar plate

Answer 38

should be stored inverted upside down

Question 39

throat swab

Answer 39

culture and sensitivity four swashes Get swab and put it in the back of the throat and do three figure eights get the tonsils and the uvula

Question 40

pregnancy test

Answer 40

test for the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin Take in the morning

Question 41

guaiac or hemoccult test

Answer 41

detect blood in stool Get one sample and smear it on a card then do the same on a different side as to turn it over and apply the drops if it shows blue that means there’s blood