spinal

Question 1

• What defines a decompensated scoliosis curve?

Answer 1

• A: The head is not centered over the pelvis, creating gravitational force moments and requiring more brace modification

Question 2

• Q: What is the clinical significance of a compensated curve?

Answer 2

A: The thoracic cage remains centered over the pelvis, indicating better postural balance.

Question 3

• What physical signs are associated with curve rotation in scoliosis?

Answer 3

• A: Thoracic rib prominence and paraspinal muscle bulge.

Question 4

• Q: Why is curve rotation in scoliosis challenging to correct?

Answer 4

• A: Increased rotation creates a complex three-dimensional deformity.

Question 5

• Q: What determines whether a scoliosis curve is structural or compensatory?

Answer 5

• A: Flexibility—high flexibility indicates compensatory, low flexibility indicates structural.

Question 6

• Q: Which type of scoliosis curve is easier to correct with orthotics?

Answer 6

• A: Compensatory curves.

Question 7

• Q: What method is used to measure scoliosis curve angle?

Answer 7

• A: The Cobb Method.

Question 8

• Q: How is the Cobb angle measured?

Answer 8

• A: By drawing lines at the inferior edge of the first vertebra and superior edge of the last vertebra, then measuring the angle between their perpendiculars.

Question 9

• Q: What are the goals of corrective scoliosis TLSO treatment?

Answer 9

• A: Prevent curve progression, reduce gravity effects, reduce decompensation, and ensure compliance.

Question 10

• Q: What are features of the Boston TLSO module?

Answer 10

• A: Posterior opening, prefabricated, apex correction pads, worn 23 hours/day.

Question 11

• Q: What distinguishes the Hanger Clinic custom TLSO?

Answer 11

• A: Molded with trunk shift built-in, anterior opening, used regionally in AZ.

Question 12

• Q: What is the purpose of casting scoliosis TLSO in supine?

Answer 12

• A: Neutralizes gravity and allows manual curve reduction.

Question 13

• Q: What does the trochanteric extension pad do in TLSO?

Answer 13

• A: Provides counterforce to thoracic pad, creating a righting response.

Question 14

• Q: What does a TLSO x-ray comparison show?

Answer 14

• A: Correction of decompensation with brace use.

Question 15

• Q: What are key steps in orthotic fitting and follow-up?

Answer 15

• A: Verify fit, donning/doffing instruction, care, and wearing schedule

Question 16

• Q: What are features of the SpinCor TLSO?

Answer 16

• A: Dynamic strapping system, de-rotates and shifts, worn 20 hours/day.

Question 17

• Q: What makes the Charleston Bending TLSO unique?

Answer 17

A: Custom overcorrected mold, worn only at night, anterior opening.

Question 18

• Q: What is the structure of a custom bivalve TLSO?

Answer 18

• A: Thermoplastic anterior and posterior shells, tri-planar support from T7–L5.

Question 19

• Q: What is the application technique for a custom TLSO?

Answer 19

• A: Supine log roll.

Question 20

• Q: What are advantages of custom bivalve TLSO?

Answer 20

• A: Maximum support, fits abnormal shapes, accommodates volume changes

Question 21

Q: What are disadvantages of custom bivalve TLSO?

Answer 21

A: Heat intolerance, skin discomfort, difficult independent donning.

Question 22

Q: What are pros and cons of custom one-piece TLSO?

Answer 22

A: Easier upright donning, stable frontal plane; less size adjustment, heat intolerance.

Question 23

Q: What are features of off-the-shelf LSO?

Answer 23

A: Semi-rigid/flexible, Velcro closures, plastic panels, ripcords.

Question 24

Q: What does an abdominal binder support?

Answer 24

A: L2–S1, increases intra-abdominal pressure, useful for hernias.

Question 25

Q: What does a sacroiliac orthotic belt do?

Answer 25

A: Supports SI joint, reduces pain, worn low over pelvis.

Question 26

Q: What are goals of off-the-shelf TLSO?

Answer 26

A: Sagittal control, postural support, post-op stabilization.

Question 27

Q: What are features of the SpinoMed TLSO?

Answer 27

A: Anchors on pelvis, shoulder straps, kyphotic support.

Question 28

Q: What are pros and cons of Aspen TLSO?

Answer 28

A: Semi-rigid, easy to apply; limited deformity accommodation, sagittal-only control.

Question 29

Q: What defines a custom bivalve LSO?

Answer 29

A: Rigid tri-planar support from Xyphoid to pubis, thermoplastic shell.

Question 30

Q: What are advantages of custom bivalve LSO?

Answer 30

A: Maximum support, easy logroll application, volume accommodation.

Question 31

Q: What are disadvantages of custom bivalve LSO?

Answer 31

A: Heat intolerance, difficult donning.

Question 32

Q: What are types of cervical orthoses?

Answer 32

A: Soft, semi-rigid, rigid.

Question 33

Q: What is the purpose of a soft cervical collar?

Answer 33

A: Kinesthetic reminder, postural feedback, heat for arthritis or ALS

Question 34

Q: What are features of semi-rigid cervical orthoses?

Answer 34

A: Plastic shell, padded liner, chin/occiput/mandible support.

Question 35

Q: What conditions are semi-rigid collars used for?

Answer 35

A: Lower cervical instability, post-op stabilization.

Question 36

Q: What are indications for CTO use?

Answer 36

A: Stronger sagittal control, upper thoracic involvement.

Question 37

Q: What is the Miami JTO?

Answer 37

A: Modular CTO with thoracic vest extension, good for CT junction.

Question 38

Q: What is a Two Post CTLSO?

Answer 38

A: TLSO with cervical collar, adjustable chin post.

Question 39

Q: What are goals of hyperextension TLSO?

Answer 39

A: Sagittal control, easier donning for geriatrics, postural control.

Question 40

Q: What is the pressure system in Jewett TLSO?

Answer 40

A: Three-point system: pubic and sternal posterior, thoracic anterior.