Spinal Anatomy Flashcards by Gabriel Zeigler

The vertebral column develops into the _______

Sclerotome

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As part of the Notochord, remnant IVD continues as __________

Nucleus Pulposis

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The Neural Plate develops into:

MOANER
-Macroglial cells: Oligodendrocytes/Astrocytes (MOA)
-Neurons CNS (N)
-Ependymal Cells (E)
-Retinal Cells (R)
*Neural Crest is everything else

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The Neural Plate contains all the ______ cells

Brain

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Dermatome:C1

NONE

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Dermatome: C2

Back of Scalp

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Dermatome: C3

Back of the Neck

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Dermatome: C4

Shoulders

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Dermatomes of Arms*

-C5: Lateral Arm
-C6: Lateral Digits/Forearm
-C7:Middle Digit/Forearm
-C8: Medial Digits/Forearm
-T1: Elbow

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Dermatome: T2

Axilla

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Dermatomes: Nipple Line (Above/Below)

-T3: Above Nipple Line
-T4: Nipple Line
-T5: Below Nipple Line

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Dermatomes: Xyphoid (Above/Below)

-T6: Above Xyphoid
-T7: Xyphoid
-T8: Below Xyphoid

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Dermatomes: Umbilicus (Above/Below)

-T9: Above Umbilicus
-T10: Umbilicus
-T11: Below Umbilicus

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Dermatomes: Inguinal Ligament (Above)

T12: Above Inguinal Ligament
L1: Inguinal Ligament/Upper Thigh

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Dermatome: L2

Mid Thigh

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Dermatomes: Knee

L3: Lower Thigh/Knee
L4: Medial Knee (“Medial to the Floor”)
L5: Lateral Knee/Top of Foot

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S1: Dermatome

Bottom of Foot/Lateral Surface of Foot & Posterior Calf

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S2: Dermatome

Posterior Thigh

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Dermatomes: Anus

S3: Close to Circumference
S4: Circumference
S5…Don’t do it

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“Blast” means

Make or create

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“Clast” means

Absorb or Take away

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Most numerous cells of the CNS

Astrocytes

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2nd MC cells in the CNS

Oligodendrocytes

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Most common location of Stroke (CVA)

Middle cerebral artery

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Meninges of the Brain

“PAD” -Pia -Arachnoid -Dura mater

What makes CSF?

Choroid Plexus

What absorbs CSF?

Arachnoid Granulations

Cerebellum is associated with

Coordination

What are the MC cells in the Cerebellum

Purkinje

Posterior Horn is associated with ______

Sensory

Anterior Horn is associated with _____

Motor

Lateral Horn is associated with ________

Sympathetics->Thoracics

The boundaries of a UMN Lesion are:

Brain to Anterior Horn Cell

The boundaries of a LMN Lesion are:

Anterior Horn Cell to Periphery

Sensory Tracts are located at

Dorsal Part of Alar Plate

Motor Tracts are located at:

Ventral Part of Basal Plate

Superior Colliculus

Eye

Inferior Colliculus

Ear

Substance P is associated with:

Pain! (Also Tract of Lissaur)

Syringomyelia is associated with

Loss of Pain/Temp BL

Vibration is also known as

Pallesthesia

2 point discrimination is best located at:

Fingers & Face

Romberg’s Test is used for:

Unconscious proprioception

The function of the Dorsal Column is:

2-point discriminative touch, vibration and conscious proprioception

Fasciculus cuneatus affects regions ______/Faciculus gracilis affects regions ______

Cuneatus: Above T6 Gracilis: Below T6

Function of the Lateral Spinothalamic Tract

Pain & Temperature

UMNL ________ function, where as LMNL _______ function

Increase (Hypertonicity/spasticity), Decrease (flacidity/atrophy)

_________ axons are mostly myelinated

PNS

___________ cells make myelin in the PNS

Schwann

Phrenic Nerve innervations include:

C3,4,5 (“C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive”)

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous nerve is mostly _______ in nature

Sensory

Borders of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve include:

-Superior: Inguinal Ligament -Underneath: Psoas Muscle -Lateral Borders: ASIS -No defined inferior border

The Lateral Femoral Cutaneous innervates:

L2-3 (“23 and too young for me”)

Vestibular ganglion of Scarpa is associated with which cranial Nerve

CN VII

What cranial nerves open and close the eyelids

-CN III (Opens eyelid)/CN VII (Closes eyelid)

Which CN controls the majority of sensation to the face?

CN V

What cranial nerve is concerned with pain in the eye? What is this called?

Trigeminal neuralgia (CN V)

Dysfunction at CN ____ can affect the uvula, which points _____ the side of lesion

X; Away

Dysfunction at CN ____ can affect the tongue, which will move ____ the site of lesion

XII: Toward

CN VII affects which area of the tongue

Anterior 2/3rds

The sympathetics affect which area of the body primarily?

Thoracics (T1-L1/2)

Sympathetic axons have a ______pre/_____post

Short (Ach); Long (Ne/Epi)

Parasympathetics affect which regions of the body:

CN 3,7, 9, 10; S2-4 (Top and Bottom)

Parasympathetic axons have a ______ pre/_______post

Long (Ach)/Short(Ach)

Which two neurotransmitters are very important to the enteric nervous system

Serotonin (95% in bowels)/Dopamine (30%)

Groups of neuron cell bodies

Ganglia

CN III controls all the ____ muscles, except:

Eye; Superior oblique & Lateral rectus “LR6SO43”

Which nuclei/ganglion is concerned with CN III

Edinger Westphal

Where does CN IX exit? Which structures does this include?

Jugular foramen; Temporal/Occipital

CN IX affects the _______ of the tongue

Posterior 1/3

Cricoid cartilage is the entrance to the ____ and innervates which segment?

Trachea; C6

Where is facet tropism (asymmetry) more likely to occur?

L4/5; Due to the increased load at these segments, more sagittal orientation and load put on these segments

Most facets are _______, with the exception of _______

Coronal; Lumbar (more sagittal)

Where do most disc lesions occur?

The sternum is also known as _______

Gladiolus

There are ____ “Atypical” vertebra in adults

Joints of Luska affects which segments

C2-C6

____ is the lowest level vertebral artery

Brachial Arch 1 is located at CN ___

BA-2 is located at CN ___

VII

BA-3 affects CN ___

Superior gluteal nerve innervates which muscles?

Gluteus medius/minimus

The inferior gluteal nerve innervates which muscle?

gluteus maximus

L5 enlarged-fused TP is called:

Sacralization

Which ligament limits lateral flexion in the cervical spine?

Alar ligament

_______ geniculate body is concerned with sight

Lateral

The medial geniculate body is concerned with:

Sound/music

Which structure is concerned with the perception of smell

Uncus

CN X affects brachial arch

4th-6th

Which area is the sigmoid colon contained in?

Hindgut

What mechanoreceptor is responsible for peristalisis in the intestine?

Meissner’s corpuscle

Free naked nerve endings are concerned with:

Nocioception

Relay station of the brain

Thalamus

The pituitary gland is located at the _______ bone

Sphenoid

Which artery connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries at the circle of willis?

Anterior communicating artery

Cerebellar Peduncles come below the foramen magnum is:

Arnold Chiari Syndrome Type I; Type II also goes through a meningomyelocele

Which muscle of the eye is the first to refract light?

Cornea

Part of the eye with the most acute vision

Fovea centralis

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

(98 cards)