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spine disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

parts of cerbral spine

A

atlanto axial joint - c1-c2
subaxial spine - c3 -c6
transitional vertebra - c7

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2
Q

what are the feuares of hte cerbal spine vereterbae

A

bifid spine process
hook like processes

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3
Q

what is the uncovertebarla joint

A

joint betwen the uncinate proces and supeor vertbrea

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4
Q

features of the thoracic spine

A

herat shape body
small cicurar cnacel
attachment of the ribs

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5
Q

fetures of lumbar spine

A

massive kidney shaped body
horizual penciesl

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6
Q

what are hte 3 partss of th esacurm

A

1 - lateral zone
2 - intermeidate zone
3 - medial zone

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7
Q

what is the lateral zone crosses by

A

sympatheic trunk, lumosacarl turnk and obturator nerve

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8
Q

what are the parts of the spine body

A

anterior - antiero half of annulus fisure and mian antioer part of verla body
middle - between spianl cord and antiero colurm
postier - anything form the spinal cord an dback

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9
Q

what is the nerve in the byceps reflex

A

c5 - c6

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10
Q

nerves in supinaroy reflex

A

c6 - c7

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11
Q

nerves in the tricepts reflex

A

c7 - c8

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12
Q

nerves in the creamasteric reflex

A

l2 - l3

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13
Q

nerves in the knee jerk reflex

A

l3 - l4

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14
Q

nerves in ankle jerk reflex

A

s1/s2

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15
Q

what is the fucniton of the dorasl columb tract

A

fine tough, joint poisions, virbaion, proprioception

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16
Q

fucntion of lateral and anterior spinothalic tract

A

pain, temp and light touch

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17
Q

cause of spina bifiid

A

fialre to close of the spine around the menigines

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18
Q

risk factors for spina bifida

A

low foliac levles in early pregancy
family history of birth defects
diabetes
obesity
anti seizure medicaton

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19
Q

what is spina bid oculat

A

clsoed spian bdif but msing bones in postre spianl cord
may presnet with hari over area

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20
Q

what is the sign of spia bifida

A

bakc pain, lower limb motro defects
sensory defects
sphinceir distuance
back defories and lower limb deforaotesn
back swelling

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21
Q

difference beetween myelomenigocele and meningocele spinal bifiaia

A

myningocye, this is wher the mengine is exente but there re no nerves in the ara
myelomeninglce - you have nerve in the spianl bfifida sac

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22
Q

how to differenciate between meningocele and myelomeningocle

A

in myelmeningocle - the sac covering is more membrenous and left skin like
it is trnasopquae instead of translucent
neurological deficient may be pernet
there is normally double inconent instead of spincters bing in tack
there is hydocelpathi in most cases

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23
Q

how quickly should a spina bifida be closecd

A

within 24 hrs

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24
Q

what treatmetn may be necsesas is mylomenicgose is presents

A

a vp shunt to relive hydrocephalus

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25
what is teathered spinal cord syndrome
wher there is an inllastic anchori of the causeal spial cord by an abnormal fatt ilum termiale
26
symtoms of teatherd spinal cord
neurologic, urological or orthopaedic symptoms
27
types of spinal infections
pyogenic vertebral osteomylelitis and biscitis granulomatous infection epidular infections post operative infections
28
where deos pyogenic vertable osteomyelits nromally curr
in the lumbar spine
29
what is the bactia in pyogeneic vertbral osteomyleltis
staphyloccous aureus and streptococus
30
symptoms and signs of pyogenic vertbral osteomyelits
axial pain fever neruological symtoms including - radicular numbness, muscle wasting,
31
labs for pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis
wbc, esr , crp , blood cultures, urinalass
32
neruologcla imaging
xray, ct, mri
33
treatment for pyogenic vertebral osteomytiesi
broad specute iv antibtics for 6- 8 weeks
34
what percent of spinal surgery get post operative infeiton
12 %
35
how to prevnte post op spinal infections
prophaltic antibitoies intraoperative antibiotics
36
treatmetn for post operative spinla infections
irragation and beridmetn of hte area iv antibiotics for minimum of 6 weeks, then switch to oral medicton
37
imaging for spinal cord tumours
x ray or ct, mri is gold standard
38
treamte for spinal cord tumours
surgical excision, biopys, radio and chemo
39
where can spinal hematomas occur
subdrual , epidural , subarachnoid, intramedular haemoroage
40
where can subarachnoid hematorms spread to
the entire length of teh spinal columb
41
cuaes of spinal haemotomaws
anticoagulation therpayr, vasuclar malformatins truamaa most cuases no obvious causes
42
symptoms of spinal haematomas
intese pain at the area motor weakness sensroy and reflex deficits acute bowel and bladder dysfunction
43
what are the symtoms to subarachonii haemotsa similar to
meningitis
44
imaging for spinal hameot
mri - gold standard - it can show where the clot is s
45
acutre, hyperacute and subacute
hyperacute - less than 24 hours acute - less than 3 days sub acute - more than 3 days
46
treament of spinal haematoms
surgial decpomersion is neruoglocial defects laminectomy - go though the vertebrae backbone
47
Cuda equina syndrome
compression and inflaton of the lower lumbar an dsacral nerves route in the spianl cord
48
cuases of cauda equina syndorme
trauma haemorrage inflatomation infections - spinal epidurla abces degerantive spinae deiase tumours
49
signs of cudaa equina syndrome
leg pain, weak ness and anestheis, saddle anaethsi bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction decraed anal tone abscels of ankle reflex
50
types of cauda equina syndrome
incomplete - loss of urgency or decread urinary sensation withough incotneer or retetsion complete - urinary and bowel retention or incontinence
51
imaign for cuada eqiarna syndomre
mri
52
treatement for cuada equi synoem
surgical decompressoin
53
which verebrae are assocaed with teh highes risk of mortaily for spiane trauam
thoses which are higher up, cervial
54
main cuse of spine trauam
rtc
55
what is the priamry sci effect
damage to the cel bodies and neronal prcoes death damage to the spinal axons
56
what is the effect of secondary spinal cord injury
inflmation vascualr evenetison - including damge to epithl cell and local blood vessels comprimaino to blood supply in the area neruoglocial defects including bradycardia, hypotension and cord tissue ischma break down of the blood spinal cord barrier leads to demylaiton and scar formation
57
what is spinal cord shock
wher there is loss of neruoglcia fucniotn belwo the level of the spianl cord injury
58
signs of spianl cord shock
hypotension flaccid paraslis and areflexia - loss of relfexes
59
how long does spnal cord shock last
72 horus - 1 week
60
cause of spinal cord shock
loss of symathiec funion loss of vasular tone belwo level of injury venous pooing due to lss of skelaat mules hypovleoms - due to loss of blood volume with wounds
61
effect of comprel spinal cord synoem
losso of all motor and sensory fucntion bellow the level of the injyr
62
types of incomplte spinal cord syndorme
central cord synome browns sequard syndomre - hemisection of cord anterior cord syndomre posterior cord sydnorme
63
what area is damaged in ctnrel cord synorem
primary the greay matter
64
cuase of cntrel cord synomfe
hyperextion injry in older paitens
65
signs of centrla cord syndorme
weaknes in bowth ul and lower limb loss of sensation below the injury loss of urine reteions
66
causes of antieroe cord syndorme
there is an infact in teh artery that supplies the anteiro spinal cord
67
presentaiton of antiero cord synome
loss of movemtn in libs loss of sense belwo leisn loss of pain and temp - due to spinothalimc tract , but prestaion of two pint disciton, deep resatre
68
what is the spinal tract that is damaged and spared in antiaor cord injuyq
spinothalmic tract damaged dorsal columb spared
69
what is seen in brown sequard syndrome
loss of joint and position sense on the ipsilateral side parayslies below the lesiosn onsame side cotralater los of pain and temp
70
whene should early decompesion be used for spinal cord injeyr
if ther is progessive neruolocial deteriaion incomplte spinal cord injry
71
how to occipital condle fractres present
loss of concious craniocervicla pain sometimes lower crainl nerve deficits - 9-12
72
where does atlanto occipital disoltiaon mainly occur
in childern - due to smaller occipalt condlyes and soft tissue laxity due to hyperextension, distractionand rotation
73
effect of the atlanto occipital dislcotaion
instant death cna service with neruoloicla deficito ie. lwoer crial nerve palsy
74
types of throaco lumbar infjeyr
compression, burst, seat belt, fracutre/ disolction
75
effect of zone 1, 2 and 3 injaryesi in the sacla spine
zone 1 - can cuase l5 route issues or ciatic nerve l2 - often neruoglci deficit, does not involve spicter zone 3 - high rate of neroloic defei, also bladder and bowel dysfuction
76
what types of spinal cord fractures need surgeyr
occiptial condley avulison fractuers, atlanto occipilta dislton more than 5mm c1/c2 neruolgoical deficits biomechanicl instabily non union after 12 weeks of immobilization
77
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