BACTERIOLOGY > SPIROCHETES > Flashcards

SPIROCHETES Flashcards

(45 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

FAMILY- Leptospiraceae

FAMILY- Spirochaetaceae

A

GENUS- Leptospira

GENUS- Treponema, Borrelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what part of the spirochetes bacteria, flagella is located

A

Periplasmic space

  • periplasmic space is between outer membrane and protoplasmic cylinder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

General structure of Spirochetes

A
  • slender, helically shaped
  • FREE LIVING
  • has periplasmic flagella (endoflagella)
  • can use CARBOHYDRATES, AMINO ACIDS,LONG CHAIN FATTY ACIDS, AND FATTY ALCOHOLS as energy sources.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mode of reproduction for Treponema spp.

A
  • Transverse fission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mode of reproduction for Leptospira and Borrelia

A
  • Binary fission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

General characteristic:

LEPTOSPIRES - L. interrogans

A
  • obligate aerobes
  • impregnated with SILVER STAIN
  • Visible by dark-field, phase-contrast, and immunofluorescent microscopy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following organisms can be demonstrated through dark-field microscopy and are obligate aerobes?

T. pallidum subsp. pallidum
B. recurrentis
L. interrogans

A
  • L. interrogans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Culture media of choice for L. interrogans

A

Artificial media:
Fletcher semisolid medium,
Stuart liquid medium or Ellinghausen-
McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) semisolid medium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the purpose of providing a semi-solid medium for Leptospire spp.

A
  • to promote locomotion for the organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Virulence factors:

     Leptospire spp.
A
  • Hemolysin
  • may cause reduced phagocytosis in the host
  • sub-strains may produce endotoxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the usual incubation period of the Leptospire in the body

A
  • 10-12 days or 1-2 weeks

pinakadugay is 1 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

This occurs in severe systemic disease of Leptospire infection

A
  • Weil disease

a bacterial infection and severe form of Leptospira
involves renal and hepatic failure
causes intravascular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In serologic testing, in the first week of infection what Ab is increased

A
  • IgM

IgM antibodies to Leptospira species detected suggesting recent infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In cases of infection IgG will start to increase when

A

secondary response in cases of:

- recovery from disease
- convalescence
- chronic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Serologic test for Leptospira

A
  • ELISA (test to detect ab for infenction)

- Macroscopic Slide agglutination “gold standard”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does leptospiremia indicate

A
  • organism is able to penetrate vascular system

after one week of infection: collect blood and CSF for presence of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Specimen of choice:

Leptospires

A
  • fresh specimen

- urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drug of choice:

Leptospires

A

Susceptible in vitro to:
streotpmycin, etracyline and macrolides

MOST EFFECTIVE: PENICILLIN
shorten course of illness: doxycyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Disease cause by Borrelia burgdorferi

Study These Flashcards
A

Lyme disease/ Lyme borreliosis

20
Q

Condition commonly associated with Borrelia spp.

Study These Flashcards
A

Relapsing fever

Tick- borne (endemic)
Louse-borne (epidemic)

  • except B. burgdorferi
21
Q

Serologic testing:

Borrelia app.

Study These Flashcards
A
  • seen in Bright-field microscopy using a blood smear stained in Giemsa or Wright stain.
22
Q

Giemsa/ Wright Stain components

Study These Flashcards
A

eosin (red) and methylene blue (azure)

23
Q

Culture medium for Borrelia spp.

24
Q

Way to evade phagocytosis: Virulence factor

Borrelia

Study These Flashcards
A
  • complement suppression
  • antigenic variation

capable of binding plasminogen to its surface —-> activating plasmin —-> leading to tissue protein digestion

25
Incubation period: Borrelia spp.
2-15 days - ↑ temp, rigors, severe headache, muscle pain, and weakness
26
3 stages of Lyme Disease
- Early infection Erythema migrans appears - Dissemination 2nd skin lesion lymphadenopathy/ spleenomegaly joint and bone pain - Latemanifestations cardiac and muscoloskeletal abnormality in moths to years: ARTHRITIS
27
What disease complication is referred as skin lesion that develops at the tick bite site? Chancre Gumma erythema migrans
erythema migrans - erythema (reddish) on the bite site
28
General characteristic: T. pallidum
- thin, spiral | - visualized in DARK-FIELD
29
Clinically significant spp of Treponema spp.
``` • T. pallidum subsp. pallidum- venereal syphilis • T. pallidum subsp. pertenue- YAWS • T. pallidum subsp. Endemicum- endemic syphilis (BEJEL) • T. carateum- pinta ```
30
T. pallidum spp. has the ability too _____ thus infecting the fetus in pregnant women (CONGENITAL SYPHILIS)
- cross placenta and mucous membranes
31
3 stages of venereal (sexually acquired) syphilis
Primary stage - occurs after incubation - appearance of CHANCRE -not painful Secondary stage - occur after 2-12 weeks - Skin rashes and/or mucous membrane lesions (sores in the mouth, vagina, or anus) - condyloma latum - most critical Tertiary stage - painful skin lesion - GUMMA - neurosyphilis
32
where do Treponema pallidum usually resides in the human body
Women: vagina and cervix Men: Penis
33
In which stage of syphilis is diagnosis only performed by using serological methods? Primary Secondary Tertiary Latent
- Lattent (?) since no symptoms are seen during this stage
34
Specimen of choice: Treponema pallidum
- serous transudate put in slide ----> dillute in saline---> for viewing in DF microscopy
35
Serologic testing: Non- treponemal test
Non- treponemal - initial testng - detects REAGENIC (form against lipids from damaged cells) antibodies - VDRL & RPR (uses charcoal particles as indicator)
36
Serologic testing: Treponemal test
Treponemal test - confirmatory for (+) non-treponemal test - detect Abs specific for antigens - TP-PA (T. pallidum particulate agglutination) & FTA- ABS (flourescent treponemal abs absorption)
37
Which of the following test uses charcoal particles as indicator to enhance reaction and can be read macroscopically? VDRL EIA FTA-ABS RPR
- RPR (rapid plasma reagin) agglutination of black particles
38
Serologic testing: Treponemal test- TP-PA
T. pallidum particulate agglutination - uses gelatin particles sensitized with T. pallidum antigens
39
Serologic testing: Treponemal test- FTA- ABS
Flourescent treponemal abs absorption - uses flourescent labeled antihuman Abs
40
Choice of Drug: Syphilis
- PENICILLIN
41
What is the causative agent of bejel? T. pallidum subsp. endemicum T. pallidum subsp. pallidum T. carateum
T. pallidum subsp. endemicum/ BEJEL T. pallidum subsp. pallidum - causes venereal syphilis T. carateum - causes PINTA
42
Which of the following organisms causes complement suppression? and what chemical causes such reaction? (for 2 points) * L. interrogans; hemolysin Hemolysin; B. burgdorferi B. burgdorferi; urokinase-type plasminogen activator urokinase-type plasminogen activator; L. interrogans
B. burgdorferi; urokinase-type plasminogen activator - Hemolysin; B. burgdorferi hemolysin is for L. interrogans - urokinase-type plasminogen activator; L. interrogans urokinase is for B. burgdorferi
43
Which of the following test uses antibodies that develop against lipids from damaged cells? FTA-ABS RPR TP-PA
RPR FTA- is flourescence TP- PA uses gelatin
44
What is the incubation period of Primary syphilis? * 1-3 months after infection 1-3 months afters showing the appearance of chancre 1 year after generalized lymphadenopathy
1-3 months after infection
45
Which of the following is the mode of detection of pathogenic leptospires? Direct staining Intravital staining Impregnation
Impregnation using SIlver stain
BACTERIOLOGY
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions