PFT Exam > Spirometry Workbook > Flashcards

Spirometry Workbook Flashcards

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1
Q

What equation is used for arm span height

A

Regression equation

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2
Q

5 ethnic groups used in the global lung function initiative

A

European
South Asia
North Asia
African
Other mixes

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3
Q

4 occupations important to note during spirometry

A

Miners/quarry/foundry
Mill
Farming
Gas and fume exposure
Dusty environment

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4
Q

How long should patients avoid smoking before spirometry

A

1 hour

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5
Q

4 types of chronic diseases that we should inquire about during spirometry testing

A

Chronic respiratory diseases
Recurrent colds
Infections
Pna

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6
Q

3 modalities that should be evaluated before spirometry

A

Oxygen therapy
Aerosol therapy
Pulmonary rehab

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7
Q

What happens if pt is supine during spirometry

A

Smaller FRC

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8
Q

5 meds that affect spirometry results

A

Saba, laba, ultra laba, lama, sama

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9
Q

Activities all patients should avoid prior to PFT

A

Smoking/vaping
Vigorous exercise
Consuming intoxicants (8 hours)
Restrictive clothing

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10
Q

Define SVC

A

Maximum expiration followed by maximum inspiration

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11
Q

What is body temperature pressure(BTPS) factors based on

A

Ambient temp
Barometer pressure
Humidity level

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12
Q

5 volumes or capacities that spirometry can measure

A

TLC, VC, RV, IC, FRC

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13
Q

Define vital capacity

A

Max inspiration followed by max expiration

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14
Q

Significance of decreased vital capacity

A

Restrictive disease

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15
Q

Significance of decreased tidal volume

A

Restrictive disease

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16
Q

Define FVC

A

Max Inspiration followed by a forced and rapid Maximum Inspiration

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17
Q

Why can svc and fvc be substituted for one another?

A

Values should be approximately the same,

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18
Q

If svc is greater than fvc

A

Suspect obstructive

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19
Q

If fvc is greater than svc

A

Suspect poor pt effort

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20
Q

Typical value for PEFR

A

10L/sec or 600L/min

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21
Q

Define FEF 25%~75%

A

Average flow rate during middle half of a forced expiratory maneuver

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22
Q

Typical value for FEF 25%~75%

A

4-5 liters/ sec

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23
Q

Significance of FEF 25%~75%

A

Measures flow within small airways

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24
Q

What causes FEF 25%~75% to appear erroneously decreased

A

If FEV1 and FVC are greatly increased in post bronchodilator study

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25
Define FEVT
volume of gas expired over a given time interval
26
Significance of FEVT
Decreased flows indicate obstructive disease
27
Define FEVT/FVC%
Forced exp volume for a given time interval expressed as a % of vital capacity
28
Minimum acceptable value for fev1/fvc%
70%
29
Significance of FEVT/FVC%
Ratio tells the truth even if one number is bad
30
Define MVV
Largest volume of air inhaled and exhaled over 12 seconds min.period. 12 times 5= 60 seconds
31
Typical value for maximum voluntary ventilation
170 liters/min
32
What 3 things can be determined from MVV
Status of resp. Muscles Compliance of lungs and thorax Airway resistance
33
Describe the MVV TECHNIQUE
pt breaths into a spirometer as deeply and rapidly as possible (not panting)
34
Significance of MVV
Large reductions in values are significant to indicate obstruction
35
How do you measure pt effort for MVV
Multiply FEV times 40
36
How do you generate a flow volume loop for FVC
A forced vital capacity maneuver followed by a forced inspiratory vital capacity
37
On a flow volume loop, where is volume and flow displayed
Volume is horizontal Flow is vertical
38
Where is expiration and expiration on the flow volume loop
Expiration is above baseline and inspiration is below
39
Describe what is important when instructing pt to perform FVC
A maximal inspiration followed my max forced expiration without cough
40
Where does the PEF measurement start
TLC
41
Where is the starting point for PIF
Rv
42
What should the FVC and FIVC difference be
Less than 100ml
43
For the flow volume loop, what should be reported
The highest SUM of FVC and FEV1
44
Describe a normal flow volume loop
The PEF, FVC and PIF are all normal with smooth flow patterns and no artifact
45
Describe a restrictive flow volume loop
Tall and skinny
46
Describe a flow volume loop small airway obstruction
Scooped out Asthma and emphysema
47
Describe flow volume loop fixed large airway obstruction
Pancake shape Obst. In large airway (tumor)
48
Describe variable extrathoracic obstruction
Normal expiratory flows with decreased inspiratory flows
49
Example of variable extrathoracic obstruction
Vocal cord paralysis FEF 50%\FIF50% ratio is increased greater than 1.2
50
What is variable intrathoracic obstruction
Normal inspiratory flows with decreased expiratory flows
51
Example of variable intrathoracic obstruction
Tumor near the carina FEF50%\FIF50% ratio is decreased less than 0.8
52
Describe negative flow sensor drift
Successive efforts keep drifting to the left
53
Describe positive flow sensor drift
Successive efforts keep drifting to the right
54
How much must the FEV1 improve by post bronchodilator to be considered a reversible condition
10%
55
State the formula used to calculate the % change after bronchodilator administration
Pre-drug value - post drug value Divided by predicted value
56
What do decreased flows indicate
Obstructive
57
What do decreased volumes indicate
Restrictive
58
What factors are values primarily based on
Age height weight sex ethics sex
59
How do you obtain a predicted value from spirometry testing
Measured value/predicted value
60
Interpret normal value
>80%
61
Interpret mild value
<80%
62
Interpret moderate value
<70%
63
Interpret moderate/severe
<60%
64
Interpret severe
<50%
65
Interpret very severe
<35%
66
What does the lower limit of normal correct for
Age and height in adults
67
Z score normal function
+\~ 1.65
68
Z score mild
1.65-2.5
69
Z score moderate obstructive
2.5-4
70
Z score severe obstructive
<4.0
71
Describe the results of spirometry testing with obstructive disease
Low flows High volumes
72
Describe the result of spirometry testing with restrictive disease
Increased flows Decreased volumes
73
What does altitude do to peak flow meters
Underestimates flows as altitude increases
74
What does the green zone for pefr represent
80-100%
75
What does the yellow zone in pefr represent
50-79%
76
What does the red zone in pefr represent
Less than 50%
77
What equipment can be utilized for home pft testing
Flow sensing spirometers Portable peak flow meters
78
Six things that can interfere with measuring the spo2
Poor perfusion Skin pigmentation Skin thickness Hypothermia Fingernail polish Movement of extremity
79
Limitations of pulse oximetry
Motion artifact Ambient light Hypotension Hypothermia Carboxyhemoglobin
80
What is considered a usable test by Wes-acts standards
Blow out atleast one second without a cough
81
What is considered premature exhalation for children
If child stops exhaling when flow is within 10% of peak flow
82
What does it mean if the post bronchodilator fev1 increases without change in fvc
Positive response to bronchodilator
83
6 ways to do a bronchial provocation testing on a child
Methacholine Histamine Adenosine Cold air Hyperventilation Exercise
84
How are exhaled Intrigen Levels used to Evaluation children
Increased Levels are associated with airway inflammation (Asthma)
85
Describe how mild asthma can cause increased Flow Rates in children
Increased Temperaturen from effort (humidity) causes bronchodilation
86
87
What % of fev1 decreased is considered positive for airway disease
15-20%
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