1
Q
What is 1?
A
fossa sacci lacrimalis
the tear is collected here. the saccus lacrimal sits here (sac/pouch)
2
Q
What is 2?
A
foramen lacrimale
on the rostromedial edge of the orbital. the caudal opening of the lacrimal canal
3
Q
What is 3?
A
canalis lacrimalis
it runs on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and opens into the nasal cavity
4
Q
What is 4?
A
processus lacrimalis caudalis
eq, Ru
not tested in pin-test
5
Q
What is 5?
A
processus lacrimalis rostralis
only eq
not tested in pin-test
6
Q
What is this structure unique to os lacrimale in Ru only?
A
bulla lacrimalis
In ruminants, the orbital part is large and bears the expanded thin-walled lacrimal bulla (bulla lacrimalis) ventrally, which contains an extension of the maxillary sinus.
7
Q
What is 1?
A
incisura nasoincisiva
8
Q
What is 4?
A
processus nasalis
(absent in ca)
rostrsal, thin process
9
Q
What is 1?
A
corpus ossis incisivi
lateral surface - facies labialis (convex);
medial surface - facies palatina (concave)
10
Q
What is 2?
A
processus nasalis
11
Q
What is 3?
A
processus alveolaris
processus alveolaris form conical sockets, the alveolus dentalis for the three incisor teeth for each side (not in Ru), between them there are septum interalveolaris. if the tooth has multiple roots, there are septum interradicularia in between.
12
Q
What is 4?
A
processus palatinus of os incisivum
rostral bony part of the hard palate
13
Q
What is 5?
A
canalis interincisivus
connect the nasal and oral cavity
14
Q
What is 6?
A
fissura palatina
on the lateral side of the processus palatinus
15
Q
What are the interspecies differences for os incisivum in Ru?
A
- (6) fissura palatina
- (7) fissura interincisiva (instead of canalis interincisivus)
- (8) lamina dentalis
16
Q
What are the two surfaces of a maxilla?
A
- facies facialis (laterally)
- facies nasalis (medially)
17
Q
What is 2?
A
tuber maxillae
caudal; hides the fossa pterygopalatina rostral part
18
Q
What is 3?
A
processus alveolaris of the maxilla
creates the alveolus of the molar teeth
19
Q
What is 3/a?
A
juga alveolares
flat ridges on the lateral surface that are the projection of the roots
20
Q
What is 4?
A
margo interalveolaris, diastema
margin without teeth between the caninus (canine tooth) and molar teeth
21
Q
What is 6?
A
crista facialis
(only eq)
22
Q
What is 7?
A
foramen maxillare
on the rostral side of the fossa pterygopalatina, caudal opening of the canalis infraorbitalis
23
Q
What is 8?
A
canalis infraorbitalis
24
Q
What is 9?
A
foramen infraorbitale
- canalis infraorbitalis rostral opening
- can be used as a palpable landmark for perineural anaesthesia of the infraorbital nerve
25
What is 10?
canalis maxilloincisivus
## Footnote
prior to its exit through the infraorbital foramen, the infraorbital canal divides into the canalis alveolaris through which the nerves and blood vessels of the incisors pass
26
Where do the canales alveolares end up?
in the cavity of the alveolus with a tiny foramen
27
What is 12?
processus palatinus of the maxilla
28
What is 13?
sulcus palatinus
29
What is 14?
foramen palatinum majus
## Footnote
canalis palatinus rostral opening
30
What is the structure on the internal, nasal side of the processus palatinus that fixes the nasal septum internally?
crista nasalis
31
What are the interspecies differences for maxilla in ca?
- crista facialis non-developed
- margo interalveolaris - really short
## Footnote
- (16) processus frontalis (*not important*)
32
What are the interspecies differences for maxilla in Ru?
- big margointeralveolaris (though no incisors)
- (17) tuber faciale
## Footnote
(17) crista facialis rostralis ending point
33
What are the two main plates of the os palatinum?
* lamina perpendicularis (vertical)
* lamina horizontalis (horizontal)
34
What is 1?
margo liber
## Footnote
caudal free edge
35
What is 2 (opening)?
choana
## Footnote
biggest opening from the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx
36
What is 4?
Foramen palatinum majus
37
What is 5?
foramina palatina minora
38
What canals runs through the horizontal plate of the os palatinus and allows the passage of the major palatine artery, vein, and nerve?
canalis palatinus major
## Footnote
share the same caudal opening with canalis palatini minores --- **foramen palatinum caudale**
canalis palatini minores - usually more than 1, depending on species
39
What is 9?
Foramen sphenopalatina
## Footnote
medially opens to nasal cavity
40
What is 10?
foramen palatinum caudale
## Footnote
ventrally from foramen sphenopalatina (9)
41
What is the canal between foramen palatinum majus and foramen palatinum caudale?
canalis palatinus major
42
What is the bone that contains 1?
vomer
## Footnote
unpaired bone at the base of the nasal cavity on both side of the nasal septum. crista vomeris is the lateral edge of the bone. it divides into choana into right and left side in the middle. after that the (1) ala vomeris connects to the corpus ossis presphenoidalis ventrally.
43
What bones are involved in the formation of the bony palate?
1. Os incisivus - processus palatinus
2. Maxilla - processus palatinus
3. Os palatinum - lamina horizontalis
44
What is between the paired cavity of the cavum nasi (nasal cavity)?
septum nasi
## Footnote
septum is bone caudally, and cartilage rostrally. the middle section of it is mobile - pars membrenacea
45
What are the two main parts of the mandibula?
* corpus mandibulae - body
* ramus mandibulae - branch
46
What is 1?
pars incisiva
47
What is 2?
arcus alveolaris
48
What is 3?
symphysis mandibulae
## Footnote
connection with the right and left side
49
What is 4?
foramen mentale
## Footnote
lateral (mentu = chin); not medial (can indicate side)
supply blood/nerves to lower lips & soft tissue
50
What is 5?
margo interalveolaris
## Footnote
dorsal to foramen mentale
51
What is 6?
pars molaris
52
What is 7?
margo ventralis
53
What is 8?
incisura vasorum facialium
## Footnote
a. facialis runs through here from medial to lateral
can be used to check pulse of horses
54
What is 9?
linea mylohyoidea
## Footnote
on the facies lingualis for m. hyoideus
55
What is 10?
margo alveolaris
56
What is 11?
fossa massaterica
## Footnote
big depression; insertion point of the m. massater
57
What is 12?
angulus mandibulae
58
What is 13?
tuberositas m. sternomandibularis
**(only in eq)**
## Footnote
attachment of muscle from manibrium sterni to mandible
59
What is 14?
processus coronoideus
## Footnote
rostral - insertion point for m. temporalis
60
What is 15? And it is constructed out of which two structures - 16, 17?
- (15) processus condylaris
- (16) collum mandibulae
- (17) caput mandibulae
## Footnote
caput mandibulae - fits to fossa mandibulae on the squama of temporal bone
61
What is 18?
incisura mandibulae
62
What is 19?
foramen mandibulae
## Footnote
medial
63
What is 20?
canalis mandibulae
64
What is 21?
canalis mandibuloincisivus
65
What is 22?
fossa pterygoidea
## Footnote
insertion point of m.pterygoideus medialis
66
What is 23?
fovea pterygoidea
## Footnote
insetion point of m. pterygoideus lateralis
67
What is the angle of the bone between the left and right mandible called?
genu mandibulae
68
What is the insertion point of m. pterygoideus lateralis?
fossa pterygoidea
69
What are the interspecies differences of the mandibula in ca?
- (22) **processus angularis** - for muscle attachment
- (23) **foramina mentalia** - 2 or 3 small openings on the lateral side
70
What are the interspecies differences of the mandibula in Ru?
Ru has a curved margo ventralis.
71
What is 1?
tympanohyoideum
## Footnote
connects the proc. styloideus of the petrosal bone in **eq, Ru**; in **ca** it's processus mastoideus
72
What is 2?
stylohyoideum
73
What is 3?
angulus stylohyoideus
**(eq, bo)**
74
What is 4?
epihyoideum
75
What is 5?
keratohyoideum
76
What is 6?
basihyoideum
77
What is 7?
processus lingualis
**(eq, bo)**
| lingua = tongue
78
What is 8?
thyreohyoideum
## Footnote
connects to the thyreoid cartilage
79
What is the interspecies differences of os hyoideum in ca?
For tympanohyoideum (1), it connects to the processus mastoideus instead of the processus styloideus of the petrosal bone. It also does not have processus lingualis.
80
What are the paired bones of the splanchnocranium/ viscerocranium?
| face
* maxilla
* mandibula
* os incisivum
* os nasale
* os lacrimale
* os palatinus
* os zygomaticum
* nasal turbinate/concha
81
What are the unpaired bones of the splanchnocranium/ viscerocranium?
* vomer
* os hyoideum
82
What is 1?
concha nasi dorsalis
## Footnote
os ethmoidale from I. endoturbinale, scrolled, thin bony spiral lamellae. originates from crista ethmoidalis. this lamella encloses air-filled recesses and bullae.
83
How many conchae and meatuses can be found in cavum nasi?
| nasal cavity
- 3 conchae
- 4 meatuses
84
What is 1?
Concha nasi dorsalis
## Footnote
os ethmoidale from I. endoturbinale, scrolled, thin bony spiral lamellae. originates from crista ethmoidalis. this lamella encloses air-filled recesses and bullae.
85
What is 2?
concha nasi media
## Footnote
- os ethmoidale from II. endoturbinale; just in the caudal part of the nasal cavity
- really short in equine and well developed in canine
86
What is 3?
concha nasi ventralis
## Footnote
originates from crista conchalis of the maxilla, it scrolls dorsally and ventrally, except in eq, where it just scrolls dorsally
87
What is 4?
crista ethmoidalis
## Footnote
part of the nasal bone
88
What is 5?
crista conchalis
## Footnote
part of the maxilla
89
What is 6?
processus septalis
## Footnote
dorsal end of the septum nasi
90
What is 7?
crista nasalis
## Footnote
ventral end of the septum nasi
91
What is 8?
septum nasi
92
What is I.?
meatus nasi dorsalis
## Footnote
olfactory passage, dorsally from the dorsal concha
93
What is II.?
meatus nasi media
## Footnote
sinus passage, between the dorsal and ventral concha
94
What is III.?
meatus nasi ventralis
## Footnote
respiratory passage, ventrally from the ventral concha
95
What is IV.?
meatus nasi communis
## Footnote
common meatus connects medially from the other 3 passages
96
What are *sinus paranasales*?
air-filled spaces between the external and internal laminae of the bones of the skull
## Footnote
* the inner surface is always covered in mucous membrane
97
What is the function of *sinus paranasales*?
To reduce the weight of the head
98
What differentiates the sinus system in **eq** vs other species (Ru, Su, Car)?
**Eq** have an integrated common sinus system. Every sinus has a direct or indirect connection with the others.
Other species (**Ru, Su, Car**) have a seperated sinus system. Dorsal and ventral parts are developed and they don't communicate with the other systems.
## Footnote
The air goes in the *conchae* and the *sinuses* through the *meatus nasi media*. the center of the system is the biggest cavity, the *sinus maxillaris*.
99
What is 1?
Sinus maxillaris
## Footnote
It is divided into two parts by a septum
100
What is 2?
septum sinum maxillaris
101
What is 3?
sinus maxillaris, pars rostralis
102
What is 4?
sinus maxillaris, pars caudalis
103
What is the sinus maxillaris rostralis (3) fused with (5)? And what is the combined structure called (6)?
* (5) concha nasi ventralis caudalis
* (6) sinus conchomaxillaris
104
What is 7?
apertura nasomaxillaris
## Footnote
function: connects the sinus maxillaris with the *meatus nasi media*
105
The *sinus maxillaris pars caudalis* (4) has one dorsal opening (8) for further sinuses - what is it?
(8) apertura maxillofrontalis
106
The *sinus maxillaris pars caudalis* has one caudal opening (12) for further sinuses - what is it?
apertura maxillopalatina
107
What is 9?
Sinus frontalis
## Footnote
there are more septums present which seperate it into the smaller parts
108
The *concha nasi dorsalis* is divided with a septum. What is the caudal part (10)?
sinus conchae dorsalis
109
The *sinus conchae dorsalis* (10) is fused with the *sinus frontalis* (9) to form? (11)
sinus conchofrontalis
110
What is 13?
sinus sphenopalatinus
## Footnote
* sinus palatinus - it is the *os palatina lamina perpendicularis*
* sinus spehnoidalis - it is in the body of the *os presphenoidale*
111
What are the parts of the ventral sinus system of Ru (and Su)?
- sinus maxillaris (not fused with the concha nasi ventralis)
- sinus palatinus
- (14) sinus lacrimalis
- (15) bulla lacrimales
## Footnote
this system communicates with the nasal cavity through the apertura nasomaxillaris
112
What is the extra feature in the dorsal sinus system of Ru?
(16) sinus cornualis
113
The sinus paranasales are less developed in **ca** - what are the two structures present?
- (1) recesses maxillaris
- (2) sinus frontralis
## Footnote
Cats (fe) have a sinus sphenoidalis
Veterinary Anatomy 1
flashcards
Decks in class (11)
# Cards
-
Bones of the Forelimb134
-
Bones of the Hindlimb168
-
Bones of the Trunk76
-
Neurocranium146
-
Splanchnocranium/ Viscerocranium113
-
Syndesmology and Myology - General Considerations129
-
Muscles of the Thoracic Girdle and Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb74
-
Muscles and Joints of the Forelimb246
-
Muscles and Joints of the Hindlimb263
-
Respiratory and Abdominal Muscles116
-
Joints and Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Trunk236
