who is st. augustine
5
- Native of North Africa
- Christian convert after years of earthly living
- Made bishop of the Roman Catholic Church; Bishop of Hippo (Algeria)
- Defended the faith through de Civitate Dei (Citi of God)
- Deals with the Pagan challenge to Christianity, and values of the faith
what is an ordered universe
2
- god created universe
- created man=rational with body and soul
what is the body
parts and peace
body as origin, flesh, beauty, health, reproduction, disposition, harmony of parts; theres peace in body if parts are in proportion
what is the soul
parts and peace
parts of soul: irrational (appetite), rational (knowledge and action), rational (knowledge & action), peace of soul= harmoinous repose/rest of appetite and harmony of knowledge and action (our hearts are restless until they rest in you)
who to attain peace of body and soul
well-ordered and harmonious life and health of living creature
what are the different types of relational peace
4
man & god= faith to eternal law
man & man = concord
family (rulers & obey) = domestic peace
citizens = civil peace
what is peace of celestial city
perfectly ordered and harmonious enjoyment of God and of one another in God
what is the peace of all things
“tranquility of order”
Order as the distribution of equality and equity
distribution which allots things equal and unequal each to its own place
what is love of self
caused by pride (enamoured of own power and more dominion of higher authority)
fleshly and sensual life
devil that lives accd to man and not to God
man lives accd to lie, all sin is a lie = makes man more miserable since happiness rests with God who is abandoned when ppl sin (our hearts are restless until they rest in you)
what is love of God
live to truth=live to god
due to original sin, st aug invites us to go back to god
no death, no error, no conditional love
concept of the two cities
get what they wish
entangled until separated in last judgment & receive own no end
both enjoy temporal good things or temporal evils
what is the heavenly city
10
- Live after the spirit
- made by god=sacrifice
- “love of God even to the contempt of the self”
- Strength comes from God
- due worship to the true God and looks for its reward in the society of the saints, of holy angels as well as holy men, that ‘God may be all in all.’
- Rules by princes and subjects serve one another in love
- Part of which is on earth, and must maintain its peace until it
passes away (temporary) - does not follow earthly laws but rebel in matters pertaining to religion
- Supranational
- “state of pilgrimage and avail peace on earth”
what is the earthly city
9
- Live after the flesh
- sacrifice to false gods
- “love of self even to the contempt of God”
- Strength coming from the delight of one’s strength
- “Glorifying one’s wisdom and being possessed by pride”
- Ruled by princes who love to rule & power but needed because of conflict and peace in the earthly city
- despite its sinful nature, earthly peace thru civic obedience and rule; finding themselves/purpose
- Objective of war – peace (earthly peace for earthly state for earthly goods)
- not part of heavenly city despite chances=eternal damnation (second death)
st . aug on ruling
(peace, rationality, love, ruling, slavery)
5
- peace in earthly city is temporal as a result of earthly peace in the
community; peace in city of God is eternal - Irrational -> rational = peace of rational soul & harmony of knowledge & action; Man prone to mistakes and can be avoided if he has a Divine master
- Love: Divine master and love – love of God and Love of neighbor
- Ruling: Who care for the rest - Husband, masters, parents; Who are cared for obey- Wife, servants, children
- Slavery: introduced by sin not nature; Did not intend for rational being to rule over other rational beings
what is justice based on st augustine
- Justice based on God (man’s relations with God)
- “virtue in which gives every one his due”
- “justice being taken away, then, what are kingdoms but great
robberies? For what are robberies themselves but little kingdoms?” (injustice lang naman sinasabi mo)
what is the commonwealth based on st augustine
5
- Made of peoples, Ruled by the prince, Knit together by a pact of confederacy
- Booty is divided by law they agreed on
- Republic as “Weal of the people” quoting Cicero by a common acknowledgement of right and by a community of interests” & justice centered on God
- “assemblage of reasonable beings bound by common agreement as to the objects of love”
- Superior than being bound by interests
