Stability

Question 1

What is GM

Answer 1

Metacentric height (GM) is a critical measure of a vessel’s stability, representing the distance between the center of gravity (G) and the metacenter (M). A positive GM (M above G) ensures the ship returns to upright, while negative GM indicates instability. Proper loading/ballast management keeps GM positive to prevent capsizing

Question 2

Free surface effect

Answer 2

This occurs when a partially filled compartment shifts from side to side, therefore raising the centre of gravity, risking the stability of the vessel