Stage 6

Question 1

Private Carriage

Answer 1

• Selective in whom is served
• Not willing to fly just anyone
• Generally a long-term service
• Does not hold out to all customers

Question 2

Common Carriage

Answer 2

• Provides service to anyone as long as there is space available, a fee is paid, and there is no reasonable grounds to refuse service
• Holds out

Question 3

Holding Out

Answer 3

Advertising

- Holding out a hand to say “Come fly with me!”

Question 4

Operations not requiring a 121/135 operating certificate (119.1e1 exemptions)

Answer 4

• Student instruction
• Commercial air tours
• Ferry flights
• Skydive operations
• Aerial work operations(Crop dusting, banner towing, aerial photography/survey, firefighting, construction, pipeline patrol)

Question 5

Wet Lease

Answer 5

• Leaser provides aircraft and crew

Question 6

Dry Lease

Answer 6

• Lessee provides own crew

- Permitted to operate under part 91, not required to comply with 121/135 operations

Question 7

Complex Endorsement

Answer 7

61. 31e
    - Flaps
    - Controllable pitch prop
    - Retractable landing gear
    - Requires ground and flight training

Question 8

High Performance Endorsement

Answer 8

61. 31f
    - Greater than 200hp per engine
    - Requires ground and flight training

Question 9

Tailwheel Endorsement

Answer 9

61. 31i
    - Wheel supporting the tail of aircraft
    - Requires flight training only

Question 10

High Altitude Endorsement

Answer 10

61. 31g
    - Allows operation of pressurized aircraft that has a service ceiling or maximum operating altitude above 25,000’ MSL
    - Requires ground and flight training

Question 11

Constant Speed/Variable Pitch Propeller Purpose

Answer 11

• Allows the pilot to set appropriate power settings for the desired phase of flight
• Pilot selects the desired RPM setting
• Controls the pitch of the propeller blades

Question 12

Increased Propeller Pitch

Answer 12

• Higher AOA = More Thrust
• More torque is required as a result
  (Engine RPM decreases)
• Ideal for Cruise (Lower RPM for increased fuel efficiency)

Question 13

Decreased Propeller Pitch

Answer 13

• Less torque required
  (Engine RPM increases)
• Ideal for Takeoff (High RPM for maximum power)

Question 14

Major Components of a Constant Speed/Variable Pitch Propellers : Prop Governor

Answer 14

• Maintains desired RPM setting by using flyweights

Question 15

Major Components of a Constant Speed/Variable Pitch Propellers : “L” Flyweights

Answer 15

• Regulates set RPM setting by taking advantage of centrifugal force

Question 16

Underspeeding “L” Flyweights

RPM too slow

Answer 16

If you don’t touch controls I’m a climb:

• Engine will want to slow down, so flyweights will move inward, decreasing oil pressure because oil flows out of propeller hub, DECREASING PITCH OF PROP
• As pitch decreases, Engine is able to speed up again

Question 17

Overspeeding “L” Flyweights

RPM too fast

Answer 17

If you don’t touch controls in a descent:

• Engine will want to speed up, so flyweights move outward, increasing oil pressure, and INCREASING PITCH OF PROP
• As pitch increases, engine is able to slow down and become more efficient

Question 18

Major Components of a Constant Speed/Variable Pitch Propellers : Propeller Pitch

Answer 18

• Controlled hydraulically using engine oil and a piston.
• For Single Engine: Spring pushes on piston to lower pitch in case of loss of oil pressure, giving max power as fail safe. (Low Pitch/High RPM)

Question 19

Thrust Aircraft Propellers

Answer 19

• All fixed pitched

- If we don’t touch throttle our engine RPM will slow down in a climb, and speed up in a descent