giemsa stain
chlamydia, borrelia, rickettsia, trypanosomes, plasmodium
PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)
*what is it used to diagnose?
stains glycogen and mucopolysaccharides
*used to diagnose whipple disease
Ziehl-Neelsen (carbol fuchsin)
acid fast bacteria (nocardia, mycobacteria), protozoa (cryptosporidium oocysts)
india ink
cryptococcus neoformans
mucicarmine
can stain thick polysaccharide capsule of cryptococcus red
silver stain
fungi (pneumocystis), legionella, h pylori