Stallion

Question 1

Describe the method of chemical ejaculation in the stallion

Answer 1

• loading dose of Imipramine IV (lowers ejaculatory threshold)
• large dose of Xyalzine an hour later
• ejaculation during deep phase of sedation

Question 2

What is the minimum number of motile, morphological normal sperm for the stallion to be considered satisfactory?

Answer 2

1 billion

Question 3

What is the minimum number of motile sperm for fresh semen AI?

Answer 3

500 million

Question 4

What is the minimum number of motile sperm for cooled semen AI?

Answer 4

1 billion

Question 5

What is the minimum number of motile sperm for frozen semen AI?

Answer 5

load 800 million to 1 million

- 240 million at thawing

Question 6

Where do urethral rents most commonly occur?

Answer 6

convex surface of urethra at ischial arch

Question 7

What are the semen fractions and their respective sources?

Answer 7

presperm - bulbourethral glands, urethra

sperm rich - epididymis, ampulla

sperm poor - prostate, vesicular glands

gel - vesicular glands

Question 8

What is hydrocele/vaginocele?

Answer 8

serous fluid between the visceral and parietal layers of the vaginal tunic

Question 9

What is variocele?

Answer 9

dilation of the vessels of the pampiniform plexus

Question 10

How is priapism treated?

Answer 10

• anticholinergic or B2-adrenergic drugs
• Phenylephrine injected into CCP
• surgical irrigation of CCP

Question 11

What is the cause of coital exanthema?

Answer 11

Equine Herpesvirus - 3

Question 12

What is the most common neoplasia of young horses?

Answer 12

teratoma

Question 13

What is testicular degeneration?

Answer 13

acquired atrophy of seminiferous tubules

Question 14

What is the most common penile neoplasia of stallions?

Answer 14

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 15

What is ampullar spermiostasis?

Answer 15

plugged ampullae

- excessive accumulation of spermatozoa

Question 16

Bloody, brown, or beige semen is indicative of what?

Answer 16

vesicular adenitis

Question 17

What causes contagious equine metritis?

Answer 17

Taylorella equigenitalis

Question 18

What causes Dourine?

Answer 18

Trypanosoma equiperdum

Question 19

What is Dourine?

Answer 19

edema of external genitalia

Question 20

What value of seminal plasma alkaline phosphatase indicates a blockage?

Answer 20

< 100 U/L

Question 21

What are shuttle stallions?

Answer 21

stallions that travel to southern hemisphere to breed

Question 22

What are the treatment options for urethral rents?

Answer 22

• sexual abstinence
• perineal urethrostomy
• perineal incision of CSP without entering lumen

Question 23

What is the thoracolumbar reflex arc?

Answer 23

contracture of smooth muscle of ductus deferens, accessory glands, and bladder trigone
- emission

Question 24

How is urospermia treated?

Answer 24

• completely empty bladder before ejaculation
• Furosemide to dile urine contamination
• bladder lavage
• dilate raw semen immediately
• Alpha-adrenergics

Question 25

What is retrograde ejaculation?

Answer 25

semen in the bladder

Question 26

When does normal testicular descent occur?

Answer 26

last 30 days in utero or first 10 days after birth

Question 27

What is formed from the gubernaculum?

Answer 27

- proper ligament of testes - caudal ligament of epididymis - scrotal ligament

Question 28

Which breeds are predisposed to cryptorchidism?

Answer 28

QH Percheron ASH Ponies

Question 29

How is cryptorchidism diagnosed?

Answer 29

- rectal exam, ultrasound - resting testosterone concentration - GnRH/hCG stimulation - basal estrone sulfate - AMH