What are the eight IT governance critical success factors?
- transparancy
- actively designed
- infrequently redesigned
- educate on IT governance
- simplicity
- an exception handling process
- governance designed at multiple organization levels
- aligned incentives
What are the three ways to deal with uncertainty?
- environmental dynanism
- dynamic capabilities
- organizational resilience
What are dynamic capabilities?
Dynamic capabilities enable companies to support, create an protect the intangible assets that create superior long-term business performance
External triggers (disruptions) -> digital sensing (digital scouting) -> digital seizing (rapid prototyping) -> digital transforming (improved digital maturity)
What is organizational resilience?
resilience is the ability to maintain system functionality when it is perturbed.
when a system has resilience, it may have developed defense mechanisms)
four quadrants:
- rigidity quadrant (H resilience, L desirability)
- adaptability quadrant (H resilience, H desirability)
- transcience quadrant (L, L)
- vulnerability quadrant (Low resilience, H desirability)
What are characteristics of HRO? (high reliability organizations)
- preoccupation with failure
- sensitivity to operations
- reluctance to simplify
- commitment to resilience
- An under-specification of structures refers to using the highest level of recognized expertise in
improving reliability, not necessarily the higher-ranking “boss”
What is digital transformation?
Digital transformation is a process that aims to improve an entity by triggering significant changes to its properties through combinations of information, computing, communications, and connectivity technologies
Digital strategies at maturing organizations go beyond the technologies themselves. They target improvements in innovation, decision making and, ultimately, transforming how the business works.
What are the four balancing transformational dimensions of the digital transformation framework?
- use of technologies
- changes in value creation
- structural changes
- financial aspects
What IT outsourcing stages are there?
two main outsourcing stages
- decision phase (why intelligence what deisgn, which choice
- implementation phase (how, outcome)
What are the dimensions of the transaction cost economics/theory?
- asset specificity
- frequency
- uncertainty (behavioral, volume, technological)
What are risk categories for outsourced software development?
- Cultural
- language and communications
- time-zone differences
- human capital
- understanding the recipient’s business process
- managing the scope changes
- size of the contract
What are the risk categories of outsourced infrastructure management?
- infrastructure
- geopolitical risk
- security and privacy
- rotating onshore resources (staff rotation)
- knowledge transfer
- length of the contract
What are important dimensions and governance factors according to the ITO MGT model?
- service recipient: - a clear IT strategy
- IT embedded in organization
- a CIO
- information managers - the service provider: - clear and consistent market position
- front office
- back office
- the availability of IT professionals - the relationship: - unambiguously defined responsibilities
- contracts
- trust in the relationship
- conferences
What does a typical contract structure for ITO partnerships look like?
- strategic: define overall issues such as liabilities, payment terms
- tactic: projects and service elements: milestones, resources allocated
- operational: the level at which the services are to be delivered.
What are the two most important aspects of TCT?
- bounded rationality theory (people are intendedly rational, but their rationality is limited by their capacity to formulate and solve complex problems and to process information)
- opportunism of agents (false/incomplete iinfo to complete the transaction)
What are the three main activities of software development outsourcing?
it is mainly on a project basis , resulting in timely completion of deliverables.
- aimed at creating enhanced functionality
- integration, detailed design, implementation and management service
- deployment services in order to support the implementation and rollout of the application
What are the main activities of infrastructure management outsourcing?
It is a continuous service with stable requirements.
- technical troubleshooting and assistance for set-up and fee-based hardware warranty upgrades
- telephone and online troubleshooting, installation assisstance and basic usability assistance
- operational servies, application management services and helpdesk
What are the digital competences thorugh which the winners in the market place have won? (characteristics of dynamic capabilities)
- respond timely
- produce new products rapidly
- effectively coordination through management capability
- redeploy internal and external competences
what are questions to ask about evaluating use of technologies?
- how significant is IT now in (helping to achieve/) achieving strategic goals?
- How ambitious is your firm’s approach to new digital technologies? (attitude toward adopting new digital technologies)
what are questions to ask about evaluating change in value creation?
- how digital is your interface to the customer?
- how will you create revenue from future business operations?
- what will your future business scope be?
what are questions to ask about evaluating structural changes?
- who is in charge of you digital transformation endeavour?
- Do you plan to integrate new operations into existing structures or create separate entities?
- What types of operational changes do you expect?
- Do you need to acquire new competencies? If so, how do you plan to acquire
them?
what are questions to ask about evaluating the financial dimension?
- How strong is the financial pressure on your current core business?
- How will you finance the digital transformation endeavor?
