An infant is considered what?
anyone who is younger than 1
A child is considered what?
someone older than 1 but who has not reached puberty
An adult is considered what?
anyone going through puberty or has gone through puberty
What steps must you go through before working on a patient?
- patients right to be informed
- consent must be voluntary
- implied consent
What do you do if the patient doesn’t give consent?
do not force first aid on conscious patient, and call 911 for help and to let them know the situation
What does PPE include?
- gloves
- safety goggles
- masks
What does the STOP principle stand for?
S-STOP
T-THINK
O-OBSERVE
P-PLAN
What are the 6 steps to go through when surveying a scene?
- take charge
- call for help/instruct someone else to
- asses hazards and make area safe
- determine what happened/mechanisms of injury
- identify yourself and offer help
- get consent/implied consent
What is recovery position?
take the arm closest to you, put straight above their head, cross other arm over their body, cross the leg opposite of you over leg nearest to you, place one hand under neck for support while using other hand to grab his hip and roll him towards you. finally put something behind his back so he can’t roll over
What is semi sitting position used for?
patients with chest pain or nausea
What is semi sitting position?
lean patient against wall at about a 45 degree angle, lean against wall then support his back and knees with pillow or blanket
What is the recovery position used for?
help maintain an open airway and promote drainage of fluids from the mouth
What is the tripod position used for?
patients in respiratory distress
Explain the tripod position
sitting in a chair hunched over as if they are gasping for air
What does ABC stand for?
airway, breathing, and circulation
What to do when conducting primary survey is patient is responsive
- open airway- head tilt/chin lift
- visual check for breathing (rate and quality)
- patient is breathing
- check circulation
- continue to monitor ABC’s, treat for shock and reassure the patient while waiting to hand over to EMS
What to do when conducting primary survey is patient is unresponsive
- open airway- head tilt/chin lift
- visual check for breathing (no more than 10 seconds)
- patient is not breathing
- activate EMS (911), send for AED if not already done
- start the cycle of 30 compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths
How do you check for circulation?
- skin colour
- question the patient (any numbness, cold, tightness or tingling sensation to the limbs
- nail beds (press on nail beds of the fingers and see how fast blood returns, it should return within 2-3 seconds, compare each side)
- temp (see if the injured side is cooler)
What is a minor wound?
cut, tear or other impact to the top layers of skin or blood vessels
-usually treated without medical care
What is a major wound?
when a cut, tear, or other impact that has caused the muscle, fat, or bone to be visible
-requires professional help
What is an open wound?
break in the skin that leads to bleeding, exposure to germs and possible infection
What is a closed wound?
when there is no break in the outer skin barrier, but tissue underneath is injured and can lead to internal bleeding
What is a contusion?
basically a bruise (impact to the area)
What is an abrasion?
a scrape, needs to be cleaned to avoid infection
