Statement Logic

Question 1

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 1

concerns inferences that will be true with some probability
Ex.Bayes rule

Question 2

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 2

The truth of some statements or information guarantees some other statement must be true
concerns inferences guaranteed to be true, given some
premises (e.g., statement logic)

Question 3

What is normative theories?

Answer 3

how people should behave

Question 4

What are descriptive theories?

Answer 4

how people actually behave

Question 5

What is logic?

Answer 5

The analysis and appraisal of arguments

Question 6

Why study logic?

Answer 6

Provides a normative model of reasoning
provides a model of meaning
Builds AI that reasons effectively

Question 7

When is an argument valid?

Answer 7

Whenever its premises are true, its conclusion must be true as well

Question 8

When is an argument sound?

Answer 8

If it is valid and the premises are actually true

Question 9

What does validity depend?

Answer 9

Depends on the form/structure of the argument

Question 10

What is the structure for a valid argument?

Answer 10

[Premise 1] P OR Q
[Premise 2] NOT P
[Conclusion] Q

Question 11

What is statement logic?

Answer 11

A formal language where the basic symbols stand for statements

Statements can be combined via logical connectives, which are truth-functional

It provides a mechanical means of determining what statements must be true given other statements

Question 12

What are truth tables?

Answer 12

Tell you how the truth-value of a compound statement depends on the truth-values of components

Question 13

When is an argument deductively valid?

Answer 13

When the truth of the premises would guarantee the truth of the conclusion

Question 14

What is tautology?

Answer 14

Any statement that is true, no matter what the truth-values of its atoms

Question 15

What is logical equivalence?

Answer 15

Two statements that have identical truth conditions- they mean the same thing